日本語

 

Research Highlights, Discovery of Evidence of Tokai Earthquakes in the Late 7th and 9th Centuries

Geological Survey of Japan
Discovery of Evidence of Tokai Earthquakes in the Late 7th and 9th Centuries
FUJIWARA Osamu
Research Institute of Earthquake and Volcano Geology

Update(MM/DD/YYYY):12/24/2020

Discovery of evidence of Tokai earthquakes that fill in gaps in the historical record

Tsunami deposits dating from the late 7th and 9th centuries have been discovered in the Otagawa Lowlands in western Shizuoka Prefecture, verifying the occurrence of two Tokai earthquakes previously absent from the historical record.

Photo: Tsunami deposits appeared during the widening work at the Otagawa River
Tsunami deposits appeared during the widening work at the Otagawa River
 

Lacunae in the historical record in relation to Nankai Trough great earthquakes

Knowledge of the great earthquakes occurring along the Nankai Trough has largely been restored based on historical records. Historical records are available for Nankai earthquakes from the occurrence of the 684 CE Hakuho Earthquake, but there is a lacuna in the historical record in relation to Tokai earthquakes from the 7th to the 11th centuries. Because of this, it is not known whether Tokai earthquakes corresponding to the Nankai earthquakes of 684 and 887 occurred, and this has hindered discussion of the recurrence intervals of Tokai earthquakes and the link with the occurrence of Nankai earthquakes.

Photo1: Tsunami deposits
 

Possibility of the links between Tokai and Nankai earthquakes indicated by tsunami deposits

Four tsunami deposits have been discovered in the Otagawa Lowlands. Based on radiocarbon dating, they are placed at the late 7th century, the late 9th century, between the11th and the 12th centuries, and between the latter half of the 15th and the early 17th centuries, respectively. The younger two deposits are considered to represent tsunami resulting from the 1096 CE Eicho Earthquake and the 1498 CE Meio Earthquake. In conjunction with historical records, the occurrence of the tsunami in the late 9th century provides evidence for the occurrence of a Tokai earthquake at the same time as the Nankai earthquake of August 22, 887. The tsunami deposit dating from the late 7th century also indicates the occurrence of a Tokai earthquake, but because the date of its occurrence cannot be specified, it is unknown whether it occurred simultaneously with the Nankai earthquake of 684.

Photo2: Tsunami deposits
 

Clarifying the extent of the source area of each earthquake generating the tsunami for prediction of future great earthquakes

In order to estimate the scale of the respective earthquakes and tsunami, the researchers will conduct research including determining the tsunami inundation distance in the Otagawa Lowlands and other areas, and the extent of the co-seismic coastal uplift and subsidence in the vicinity of the Enshu-Nada.

Photo3: FUJIWARA Osamu
 

Contact

Photo:Fujiwara Osamu
FUJIWARA Osamu
Deputy Director, Research Institute
Research Institute of Earthquake and Volcano Geology
AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567 Japan

E-mail: ievg-webmaster-ml*aist.go.jp (Please convert “*” to “@”)

WEB: https://unit.aist.go.jp/ievg/en/

▲ ページトップへ