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AIST:Synthesiology - Abstracts

 
Vol. and No. Category Title Abstract Author
Vol.12
No.1
Contribution Future of Synthesiology
[PDF:746KB]
We have reached the tenth anniversary since the launch of the journal Synthesiology. During these 10 years, the journal published many papers on the results of synthetic research. Hiroyuki YOSHIKAWA
Research papers Towards an ideal world with superconductivity
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− Current status and prospects for rare-earth barium copper oxide superconducting tapes −
We review the history, current status, and prospects of research on RE Ba2Cu3Oy (RE: rare earth element) coated conductors. Three major issues were addressed to achieve critical current performance for long-coated conductors of several hundred meters. Special functional performances, e.g., in-field critical current, were greatly improved. Applications of coated conductors were also initiated. We expect applications to appear in the near future. Teruo IZUMI
Development and popularization of QR code
[PDF:1.8MB]



− Code development pursuing reading performance and market forming by open strategy −
Due to advances in information technology, we predicted the widespread decline of barcodes as an information tool. Instead, we developed QR codes, to replace barcodes, using image recognition techniques. We have made innovation to QR codes to meet market needs. To popularize QR codes, we made QR codes available to the public and have formed a market in cooperation with many companies. As a result, QR codes have been used to improve work efficiency and convenience. QR codes are currently available as a communication tool for people all over the world. Masahiro HARA
Development of a compact all-solid-state lithium secondary battery using single-crystal electrolyte
[PDF:3.9MB]



− Towards realizing oxide-type all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries −
All-solid-state lithium secondary batteries are attracting attention as a next-generation technology. To realize this technology, it is important to develop a new solid-state lithium-ion conductor. In this regard, we discuss the development of all-solid-state secondary lithium batteries using single-crystal solid electrolytes and the AD method. Kunimitsu KATAOKA
et.al.
Commentary Challenges of solving the problem of soil and groundwater contamination
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− An interdisciplinary approach −
Feasible countermeasures are needed to address soil and groundwater contamination problems, because of its impact on human health and socioeconomic activities. Soil and groundwater contamination is a complex issue that requires an interdisciplinary effort involving research into contaminants, their practical removal, and social implementation. This paper discusses several areas of research that the author has been involved in this regard. Ming ZHANG
Vol.11
No.3
Research papers Challenge towards synthesis of non-silica-based hybrid mesoporous materials
[PDF:2.1MB]



− Level of compositional design and control of mesoporous materials achieved so far −
Amphiphilic organic molecules have often been transformed into liquid-crystal structures in their concentrated solutions. This paper focuses on a group of porous materials, called “ordered mesoporous materials.” Ordered mesoporous materials have nanostructures that replicate liquid-crystal structures. Tatsuo KIMURA
High-value materials from incineration residues of burnable garbage
[PDF:811KB]



− Production of silica with high specific surface area from “molten slag” and direct transformation of silica to basic raw material for silicon chemical industry −
We developed a technology for producing silica with high specific surface area from molten slag discharged by a garbage disposal plant. The obtained silica has purity and specific surface area comparable to commercially available synthetic silica. Therefore, this silica can be used in various applications, such as in adsorbents, rubber additives, and coating agents. Norihisa FUKAYA,
et.al.
Development and commercialization of laser inspection system to detect surface flaws of machined holes
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An indispensable aspect of manufacturing is the external inspection of all product parts. For example, in the manufacturing of cars, autonomous inspection technology is required to detect minute flaws on glossy or mirror surfaces, which are easily overlooked by visual inspection. In this paper, we report on the history, significance, and future development of an innovative defect inspection system, “ANALYZER,” which has been developed and commercialized. Saburo OKADA,
et.al.
Commentary Contributing to the SpaceWire international standard
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− Successful factors for the development of a de jure standard −
Incorporating standards for spacecraft in Japan involves trading off various existing standards to comply with requirements and sustainability. However, well-established proprietary specifications developed for Japanese scientific satellites were successfully incorporated into the international standard of embedded networks, called SpaceWire, which was adopted for the X-ray astronomical satellite “ASTRO-H (Hitomi).” Hiroki HIHARA,
et.al.
Vol.11
No.2
Research papers 1:50,000 quadrangle geological mapping project in Japan
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− Overall and individual scenarios of mapping project −
The Geological Survey of Japan started a geological mapping project in Japan in 1882. This paper summarizes the historical transition of the strategy of the geological mapping project, which coincides with the transition of the overall scenarios of the mapping project in Japan. Each geological map has an individual scenario on which integration of research elements is conducted. Kazuhiro Miyazaki
Traditional craftwork that can be washed with a dishwasher, “nanocomposite tamamushi-nuri
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Expansion from exhibits to daily necessities −
We developed highly durable lacquerware by applying a protective layer in which resin and clay were mixed on the surface of the lacquerware. The components of the protective layer were selected from the viewpoints of dispersibility in a solvent, transparency of the layer, and hardness of the layer. It was confirmed that even after repeated washing with a dishwasher, the color, gloss, and surface flatness of the protective layer resisted deterioration. Takeo Ebina,
et.al.
Report Additive manufacturing of ceramic components
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− Towards innovation of ceramic industry −
Aiming for innovative ceramic manufacturing technologies which enable creative and novel products, a national R&D project “High-Value Added Ceramic Products Manufacturing Technologies (HCMT)” has been initiated since 2014 as part of the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI), Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP), “Innovative design/manufacturing technologies” program in Japan. Tatsuki Ohji
Commentary Earth science in safety regulations of radioactive waste disposal
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− Translation of scientific research to site selection criteria −
AIST has been supporting scientific aspects of the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA), mainly in regard to the regulation of site selection for radioactive waste disposal. NRA is constructing regulation criteria and examination guides for the disposal of intermediate level radioactive waste (ILW) at intermediate depth prior to the geological disposal of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW). Kazumasa Ito
Vol.11
No.1
Research papers Development of low sticky texture natto “MAMENOKA”
[PDF:661KB]
Many foreigners appreciate Japanese foods because of their health properties. However, few foreigners like natto, because of its sticky texture. The Ibaraki prefectural government started the “development of low sticky texture natto” project to export natto-based products to F rance and G ermany, among other countries. The use of specially shaped packages, or edible glue lowers the stickiness of natto. Yuji Kubo,
et.al.
Submarine earthquake- and tsunami-induced event deposits
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− Disturbance of the sea floor by huge earthquakes and their related tsunamis, and the use of disturbance records in marine sediments for the history of past huge earthquakes and tsunamis −
Huge earthquakes and tsunamis have agitated and disturbed the sea floor. Many marine geological surveys after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake indicated large disturbances of the sea floor by the earthquake and its related tsunami across a wide area from the coastal to the Japan Trench floor. Resuspension of marine surface sediment by the earthquake and tsunami might generate turbidity currents. Ken Ikehara,
et.al.
High-accuracy endoscopic microscopy using a thin, 1.5 mm diameter probe with optical coherence tomography
[PDF:854KB]
We developed an endoscopic microscopy system with 20 nm accuracy that affords inspection through narrow gaps using a thin, 1.5 mm diameter probe. Accuracy was improved using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The frequency modulated light source is stabilized with closed control from self-interference measurement. The probe is driven by two miniature motors, which allow three-dimensional scanning of an internal surface. Hiromitsu Furukawa,
et.al.
Materials recycling technology for recovering rare earth fluorescent powder from fluorescent lamp sludge
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− Pioneering near-future resource circulation −
A materials recycling technology to recover green phosphor, including terbium, which is a heavy rare earth, from fluorescent powder in waste lamp sludge was realized by collaborating with researchers who specialize in materials and powder sorting. There are few cases worldwide in which materials circulation from post-consumer waste has been established in loops further inside than horizontal recycling. Tatsuya Oki,
et.al.
Vol.10
No.2
Research papers Establishing reliability in vibration measurement and its international equivalency
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− Development of national metrology standards for vibration, acceleration, shock measurement and progress on international comparisons −
The metric system and primary national metrology standards are necessary, but not sufficient for obtaining measurement equivalency. Recently, national metrology institutes of various countries including NMIJ/AIST of Japan are participating in international comparisons to confirm equivalency of their measurement capabilities, under a mutual recognition of arrangement (MRA). Takashi Usuda,
et.al.
High performance thermoelectrics for power generation using earth-abundant and low toxicity elements
[PDF:990KB]



− Toward developing an innovative waste heat recovery system −
We have successfully realized greater thermoelectric performance through nanotechnology and developed alternative materials that are more abundant and less toxic than the conventional materials. These studies were conducted in collaboration with domestic and overseas research institutions. A comprehensive effort to all aspects of thermoelectrics, i.e. from materials to module, has realized highperformance and environmentally friendly technologies. Michihiro Ohta
Report Challenges to the development of the world’s first nondestructive inspection system
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− Development of an inspection system with laser ultrasound and a cold cathode X-ray source −
The social and industrial infrastructure built for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, during a period of high economic growth, has become old. This infrastructure urgently needs inspection for the success of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. As an AIST Start-up, we are conducting research and development of a new nondestructive inspection system based on the world’s first visualization technology using laser ultrasound and compact X-ray technology with carbon nanostructure cold cathode X-rays. Bo Wang,
et.al.
Commentary Toward overcoming neurodegenerative disease by the circadian molecular clock study
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− My 30 year history in a national institute −
The mammalian clock gene, Period2, was discovered by my research group studying clock genes in 1998. I summarize the progress of understanding the circadian clock molecular mechanism after this discovery. Our group has demonstrated the importance of glycogen synthase kinase 3-dependent phosphorylation of Period2 a nd its nuclear t ransfer a nd E 4BP4 (vrille) negative transcriptional regulation, as well as Clock/Bmal, Period/Cry E-box dependent negative feedback loop. Norio Ishida
Vol.10
No.1
Research papers Development of a compact, onboard slurry icemaker to rapidly produce optimal ice for maintaining freshness of marine products
[PDF:684KB]
Marine products require optimal cold storage transport to maintain freshness and minimize damage. Slurry ice is suitable for this purpose due to its softness and immediate cooling capability. This paper describes the process from design to commercialization of a compact icemaker that continuously, stably, and rapidly produces slurry ice and can be placed on fishing vessels. Hiroshi Nagaishi,
et.al.
Standardization of dimethyl ether (DME) fuel specifications
[PDF:1.1MB]
Legislation and standardization are necessary and important for fuel quality control to ensure safety, security, and stability with regard to the commercialization and trading of new fuels. The author began R&D of dimethyl ether (DME) fuel utilization technology in 2001. This work involved basic research on fuel spray and combustion, applied research on the development of test vehicles, and field tests of these applications. Mitsuharu Oguma
A study on high-density recording with particulate tape media for data storage systems
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− On the process of introducing barium-ferrite tape media to the market −
Magnetic tape storage systems are widely used for archive and data backup from their characteristic of low cost and large capacity. Research on magnetic tape targets higher recording densities to meet market needs for continuously increasing storage capacity like in other storage media. Progress on increasing the recording density of magnetic tapes using conventional magnetic metal particles has slowed in the years leading up to 2010. Takeshi Harasawa,
et.al.
Development of a cell microarray chip system for early and accurate malaria diagnosis
[PDF:720KB]



− Finding one parasite in 2 million erythrocytes for elimination of malaria −
Early and accurate diagnosis of malaria is needed to prevent the spread of this parasite. To this end, we developed a novel microarray chip system for the detection of malaria, and evaluated it in Africa. A chip with approximately 20,000 microchambers was developed to detect malaria parasites (hereafter called a cell chip). Leukocytes were removed by filtration columns from whole blood cells. Muneaki Hashimoto,
et.al.
Vol.9
No.4
Research papers Development of a framework for risk tradeoff analysis of chemical substance substitution
[PDF:772KB]



− An approach to risk assessment using relative comparison −
A chemical substance is often substituted for another to reduce risks associated with use of the original substance. However, the replacement may be associated with new risks, and this introduces a risk tradeoff problem. Although the concept of risk tradeoff analysis has been discussed in this context, no feasible method has yet been developed. Masashi Gamo,
et.al.
A first empirical analysis of JIS lifespan
[PDF:846KB]



− Implications for the review system of de jure standards −
In this study, we normatively discuss the road map scenario to improve the management system of standards and then to improve the national innovation system. In AIST, there are many research projects of standards' generation, but the research about the management of established standards is rare. For this purpose, factors related to the lifespan of de jure standards are examined. Suguru Tamura
Development of EUPS for analyzing electronic states of topmost atomic layer
[PDF:1.8MB]



− Materialization of laser-produced plasma source application and EUPS observed fascinating surface −
A quarter century has passed since the principle of EUPS (extreme UV excited photoelectron spectroscopy) was invented as the most promising application of a laser-produced plasma source. EUPS enables analysis of electronic states of the topmost atomic layer, band bending of semiconductors, estimation of carrier density, and evaluation of electrical conductivity from secondary electron signals. Toshihisa Tomie,
et.al.
A revolutionary technical development to revitalize Japanese forestry
[PDF:1.8MB]



− A proposal for a portable tree felling manipulator to address specific properties of Japanese forestry −
First, we present issues in Japanese forestry based on an explanation of the specific properties of Japanese forestry. Then, taking the revitalization of Japanese forestry as a goal, we present a scenario for the achievement of that goal and comment on the type of research that is needed for it. Yuko Shirai
Vol.9
No.3
Research papers Development of human-friendly polymeric actuators based on nano-carbon electrodes
[PDF:1.8MB]



− Toward the practical realization of artificial muscles −
Human-friendly machines are expected to increase in demand. To meet this demand, we have developed electrically driven soft actuators based on ionic polymers. This paper describes the development process, design guidelines, current state of R&D, and future prospects for low-voltage, polymeric actuators based on nano-carbon electrodes. Kinji Asaka
High quality large-area graphene synthesis with high growth rate using plasma-enhanced CVD
[PDF:2.5MB]



− Toward a high throughput process −
The current trend in graphene synthesis is to use thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at the temperature of 1000 °C or higher. For industrial use of graphene as transparent conductive films, higher throughput of graphene synthesis is necessary. We were among the first to adopt the plasma-enhanced CVD method, and have developed a process of high-speed large-area deposition for transparent conductive film applications. Masataka Hasegawa,
et.al.
Radioactive cesium decontamination technology for ash
[PDF:2.9MB]



− Utilization and application of nanoparticles as an adsorbent −
The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in 2011 spurred rapid research and development at AIST for radioactive cesium decontamination systems. In this paper, we introduce the development of an ash-decontamination technology that uses Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles. Tohru Kawamoto,
et.al.
Development of HASClay® as a high-performance adsorption material
[PDF:3.5MB]



− Developing adsorbents for energy conservation systems from a kind of clay nanoparticle −
Given the need to reduce greenhouse gases, we have developed an inorganic porous material, HASClay, which possesses excellent water vapor adsorptive efficiency, and the ability to dehydrate using a low grade heat source. In this paper, we explain how the synthetic process of HASClay was developed from a study of naturally existing clay and nanomaterials, and the requirements for widespread use as an adsorption material for energy conservation. Masaya Suzuki,
et.al.
A super-growth method for single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis
[PDF:4.7MB]



− Development of a mass production technique for industrial application −
More than 20 years have passed since Dr Sumio Iijima discovered single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Development of this material is still an active area of research, world-wide, because the expected high electric and heat conductivity and mechanical strength properties are difficult to obtain with other existing materials. Kenji Hata
Vol.9
No.2
Research papers Development and utilization of geochemical reference materials
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Reliability improvement in the analysis of geological materials −
The Geological Survey of Japan has issued about 50 reference materials over the past 50 years. Geological samples of rocks, ores, minerals, soils, sediments, etc. generally contain various elements at high concentration levels. For accurate chemical analysis, it is necessary to use geochemical reference materials that contain major components at similar levels to the samples to be analyzed and predetermined concentration of target elements. In this paper, scenarios to develop geochemical reference materials for Japan and the rest of the world are described. Takashi Okai
Three-dimensional urban geological map
[PDF:1.6MB]



− New style of geoinformation in an urban area −
Although geoinformation pertaining to urban areas is very important, paper-based geological maps do not adequately describe the subsurface geological conditions of urbanized plains. A three-dimensional geological map, available via the Internet, is expected to provide intelligible, highly reliable, and easily utilizable geoinformation for urban areas. In this case, a three-dimensional geological model needs to be constructed on the basis of reliable borehole data using an advanced modeling tool. Tsutomu Nakazawa,
et.al.
Constructing a system to explore shallow velocity structures using a miniature microtremor array
[PDF:2.3MB]



− Accumulating and utilizing large microtremor datasets −
Our final goal is to provide quantitative information on subsurface S-wave velocity structures in response to a variety of social needs regarding geological and soil matters. Since S-wave velocity is a physical property directly related to site amplification and ground stiffness, it is expected to contribute to, for example, improving accuracy of seismic zoning for the mitigation of earthquake disasters. Ikuo Cho,
et.al.
Development of rock deformation techniques under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions
[PDF:1.3MB]



− Evaluation of long-term geological processes by a compressed timescale process model −
The reliability of earthquake forecast information is important for disaster mitigation in our society. A physical model of the earthquake generation process was constructed to improve the reliability of earthquake forecast information. We proposed a model based on the information extracted from geological surveys. Our model was evaluated using experimental techniques in the laboratory. Koji Masuda
Vol.9
No.1
Research papers Developing a leading practical application for 3D IC chip stacking technology
[PDF:1.2MB]



− How to progress from fundamental technology to application technology −
3D IC chip stacking technology, which is a technology to vertically stack multiple IC chips such as CMOS, MEMS and power IC chips, is expected to be one of future electronic device integration technologies, because integration along the additional vertical dimension affords efficient use of space and innovation of system architecture. Masahiro Aoyagi,
et.al.
Securing a stable supply of critical raw metals
[PDF:709KB]



− Efforts and issues for the securement of rare-earth resources −
In the early 21st century, metal prices soared due to the economic development of newly industrialized countries. Moreover, a rareearth resource crisis occurred between 2009 and 2012 due to export restrictions imposed by China. Against this background, AIST set up a research base for critical metal resources, and established collaborative relationships with some foreign geological survey agencies (GS) from 2010. Tetsuichi Takagi
Scenario in synthetic-type research: its role and description
[PDF:613KB]



− An investigation from Synthesiology papers −
Synthetic-type research is conducted by private companies, public institutes, and universities to realize societal value by scientific and technological methods. Synthesiology is a scientific journal that enables authors to describe the processes and results of this kind of research. Editors specifically request authors to describe their scenario for synthetic-type research. Akira Ono,
et.al.
Consortium style study on the development of highly reliable photovoltaic modules and acceleration test methods
[PDF:454KB]



− Management of the “Consortium Study on Fabrication and Characterization of Solar Cell Modules with Long Life and High Reliability −
The “Consortium Study on Fabrication and Characterization of Solar Cell Modules with Long Life and High Reliability” was established by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. The consortium had over 90 participating organizations, which were mostly module-material manufacturers. Atsushi Masuda,
et.al.
Vol.8
No.4
Research papers Development of an in-solution observation method using atmospheric scanning electron microscopy (ASEM)
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Interdisciplinary research between semiconductor fabrication technology and biological electron microscopy −
Protein complexes in cells and tissues play critical roles in various physiological functions, including embryogenesis and signal processing. To observe the dynamics of protein complexes, high-resolution and high-throughput electron microscopy (EM) in aqueous solution is required. However, standard EM requires the sample to be in a vacuum. Toshihiko Ogura,
et.al.
Effects of cooperation between a small and medium enterprise and AIST
[PDF:835KB]



− Impacts of the idea of “Monozukuri” on technicians −
Case studies and problem-solving steps are more important than new-technology transfer when collaborative studies are conducted between a small and medium enterprise and AIST. Detecting causes and issues takes considerable time, but, experiences obtained during collaborative research can decrease barriers and speedup progress. Takafumi Komatsu,
et.al.
Advanced ignition technology for the achievement of high thermal efficiency of internal combustion engine
[PDF:1.5MB]



− A demonstration of laser ignition in natural gas engines −
Natural gas engines have been attracting a lot of attention recently due to the development of unconventional natural gas sources. Achieving lean burn with supercharging is necessary to attain high thermal efficiency. Conventional spark plugs face difficulties with ignition because of the high pressure and lean air/fuel mixture. Eiichi Takahashi,
et.al.
Development of a rapid analytical system for glycans using a multistage tandem mass spectral database
[PDF:884KB]



− Toward an era where everyone can analyze glycan structure without specialist knowledge −
Conducting glycan analysis requires expertise. This requirement has been a major bottleneck in the progress of glycomics. If glycan analysis can be done easily and rapidly without specialist knowledge, then the development of glycan functional analysis and associated applications is expected to accelerate. Akihiko Kameyama,
et.al.
Health care application of gas sensors
[PDF:501KB]



− Medical devices of breath analysis −
For the research goal of exhaled breath detection system in human health care or medical application, gas-selective and sensitive gas sensors have been developed. High performance sensors satisfying the boundary conditions, such as fast response and highly sensitive and selective detection, were developed with three essential components of a novel working principle, nanoparticle technology, and a ceramic integration process of sensing materials. Woosuck Shin,
et.al.
Vol.8
No.3
Research papers Development of thin-film multi-junction thermal converters
[PDF:3.7MB]



− Establishing metrological traceability system for AC voltage standard −
Thermal voltage converters have been widely used in the electric standard field as a major method to derive AC voltage standards from DC voltage standards. However, there are only a limited number of organizations that are capable of fabricating thermal voltage converters. Furthermore, establishing AC-DC voltage standards has been constrained by the lack of high-quality thermal converters. Hiroyuki Fujiki,
et.al.
Green photonics for laser-based manufacturing
[PDF:1MB]



− Photonics contributes to a sustainable society in the “photon century” −
Green photonics is expected to reduce energy consumption and pollution associated with a broad range of manufacturing processes. This paper is a study on the development of laser-based methods and their applications. High precision surface processing of various materials is a key technology for practical industrial applications. Well-defined micro-fabrication with high-speed and high-quality treatment of materials was performed by laser irradiation. Hiroyuki Niino
An IT system development framework utilizable without expert knowledge: MZ Platform
[PDF:888KB]



− Toward end user development in manufacturing industry −
In recent years, manufacturing companies are being challenged to meet various social demands including short-term delivery, multiobjective production, quality assurance and traceability security. In order to meet these demands, keep and strengthen competitiveness, it is necessary for those companies to introduce IT. However, since it is often too expensive for small and medium sized enterprises to develop, operate and maintain IT systems, they cannot introduce them. Hiroyuki Sawada,
et.al.
Vol.8
No.2
Research papers Development of material testing equipment in high pressure gaseous hydrogen and international collaborative work of a testing method for a hydrogen society
[PDF:597KB]



− Toward contribution to international standardization −
To commercialize fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen filling stations, and to achieve a reliable and economical “hydrogen society,” international accordance of the material usage standard for high pressure gaseous hydrogen equipment is regarded as an important issue. Therefore, a precise method to evaluate the effect of gaseous hydrogen on structural metallic materials is required to qualify the materials compatibility for high pressure gaseous hydrogen equipment. Takashi Iijima,
et.al.
Research on social benefits resulting from NEDO projects
[PDF:1.5MB]



− Study of the top 70 NEDO Inside Products −
“NEDO Inside Products” are defined as products or processes using core technologies resulting from NEDO’s research and development projects. In this study, we analyzed and estimated the creation, and CO2 emission reduction. Our analysis revealed that NEDO Inside Products sales in 2010 amounted to 4.08 trillion yen while projected sales from 2011 to 2020 are estimated to increase to 69.1 trillion yen. Masaru Yamashita,
et.al.
Application of laser Compton photon beam to nondestructive tests
[PDF:707KB]



− A spin-off technology from nuclear physics −
Laser Compton photon beams generated by a high-energy electron storage ring have energy in the gamma-ray range. X-ray radiography for industrial products using the laser Compton photon beam is expected to show good spatial and density resolutions, because of its monochromaticity and good beam property. A radiography and computerized tomography system was built using AISTʼs TERAS electron storage ring. Hiroyuki Toyokawa
Detection of influenza viruses with the waveguide mode sensor
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Development of a palmtop sized sensor −
We developed a highly sensitive sensor, based on optical waveguide modes, which was reported in the journal, Synthesiology. The first part of the present paper reports the method for reducing sensor size. Applications include identification of influenza virus A H3N2 and other subtypes of influenza viruses. We also found that sialic acid based detection using the waveguide mode sensor system analysis was very useful in distinguishing between H3N2 and H5N1 viruses. Koichi Awazu,
et.al.
Vol.8
No.1
Research papers Proposal for technology architecture analysis
[PDF:857KB]



− Application of an analysis method to the development of car navigation systems −
Product development involves many element technologies, so methods that analyze the integration process are important for R&D management. This paper proposes a new method to analyze technology architecture: i.e., a method for determining how to combine element technologies, which takes into account relations between product function and element technologies, and the complementary or substitutive relations among these element technologies. Toshihiko Nomi,
et.al.
Clean and practical oxidation using hydrogen peroxide
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Development of catalysis and application to fine chemicals −
Oxidation is an important component in over 30 % of chemical processes. However, oxidation typically creates environmentally damaging waste products. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a good candidate for environmentally benign oxidation because the only by-product is water. By integrating key technologies for halogen-free, organic solvent-free processes, and designing suitable metal catalysts, we succeeded in the development of H2O2 oxidation. Yoshihiro Kon,
et.al.
Development of plastic certified reference materials (CRMs) to cope with restrictions on hazardous substances
[PDF:962KB]



− CRMs for analysis of heavy metals and brominated flame retardants regulated by RoHS directive −
The RoHS directive had a significant impact on Japanese industry. Complying with this directive requires evaluating the raw materials, especially plastics, that are used in electrical and electronic equipment. However, few plastic reference materials (RMs) were appropriate for evaluation. In response to industry requests, we undertook rapid development of plastic RMs. Akiharu Hioki,
et.al.
Development of forging process for magnesium alloy continuous cast bars
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Forging process utilizing grain refinement −
Reducing resource consumption and carbon dioxide emission are recognized as urgent issues. One way of addressing these issues is to reduce product weight. Magnesium alloys are considered promising candidates because of their lightness. To manufacture products using magnesium alloys, we require forging technology that afford higher size accuracy and strength. Naobumi Saito,
et.al.
Vol.7
No.4
Research papers New research trends in artifactology
[PDF:1.4MB]



− Modeling of individuals and socialization technology −
The aim of Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering (RACE), the University of Tokyo, is to solve problems related to artifactology. The center has now entered its third stage. A new approach in the problem-solving process has been proposed in this paper. The scenario for problem solving starts by establishing a problem using the concept of co-creation. Jun Ota,
et.al.
Mental fatigue measurement as application software on consumer devices
[PDF:1MB]



− Introducing reliable fatigue index to daily life −
Monitoring mental fatigue is critical for traffic safety and health care. Various indexes of mental fatigue have been developed and used in the fields of ergonomics and industrial hygiene. One such index is the flicker-perception frequency threshold: the frequency at which the perception of flickering lights disappears for human observers. Sunao Iwaki,
et.al.
Development of evaluation technologies for sedimentary characteristics
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Applicability of the technologies to the assessment of methane hydrate sediments −
Methane hydrate (MH) is considered to be part of a new generation of energy resources. Depressurization has been proposed as a method of extracting methane gas from MH in marine sediments. During depressurization, sediment deformation may occur because of MH dissociation and increased effective stress. Norio Tenma
International standardization of four dimensional radiotherapy system
[PDF:1MB]



− Enhancement of effects of irradiation and assurance of safety −
In radiation therapy for cancer, there are possibilities of position changes of the affected area during irradiation due to respiration of a patient. In order to enhance effects of irradiation for the affected area and minimize damages to the surrounding normal tissues, four dimensional radiotherapy (4DRT), which can take into account time variation of the three-dimensional position of the affected area, has been recently developed, and has been achieving significant therapeutic effects. Yuichi Hirata,
et.al.
Preparation of superconducting films by metal organic deposition
[PDF:912KB]



− Research and development towards a fault current limiter and other electric devices −
For the application of oxide superconductors to power-electric and microwave devices, it is necessary to form oxide superconductors into films and tapes. Since oxide superconductors are fragile and processing resistant, establishing a thin film processing technology for oxide superconductors is important.  Takaaki Manabe,
et.al.
Vol.7
No.3
Research papers Development of a stable growth factor suitable for radioprotection
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Drug development-aimed R&D at a basic research institute −
We have developed a stable growth factor protein that is a promising candidate for a radioprotective drug suitable for treating biological damage caused by high-dose radiation. This stable growth factor, designated FGFC (fibroblast growth factor chimeric protein), demonstrates several advantages over existing drugs. Toru Imamura
Development of a protein array for autoantibody profiling of blood
[PDF:1.4MB]



− Comprehensive disease diagnosis using the body's defense system −
We have developed infrastructure of the technologies and resources for post-human genome research to perform functional proteomics (the analysis of protein functions, protein-protein interactions, and human protein structures) on a large scale. A method for profiling autoantibodies in serum is developed using human protein expression resources and protein expression techniques. Yoshitaka Kawakami,
et.al.
Technological development of internal heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC)
[PDF:2.2MB]



− Substantive research of application to a bench plant of bioethanol distillation −
To dramatically reduce energy consumption in chemical industry, we propose to construct a database on fundamental technologies for practical applications of HIDiC, as part of a project funded by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). An application of HIDiC to the distillation process for the enrichment of bioethanol fermented from biomass has been attempted, and a bench plant has been designed and constructed to ensure practical applicability. Kunio Kataoka,
et.al.
Secure password authentication schemes and their applications
[PDF:648KB]



− How to achieve security with short passwords −
Passwords are widely used for encrypting files, authenticating remote users on a communication network, and establishing encrypted channels for authenticated users. However, the possibility of passwords being stolen or abused raises security problems, and having to remember a number of lengthy passwords is often inconvenient. Kazukuni Kobara,
et.al.
Development of environmentally-friendly surface modification technology
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Practical realization of novel oleophobic coatings without relying on perfluorinated compounds and surface texturing −
Development of non-adhesive and dewetting solid surfaces has attracted much attention in a wide variety of industrial applications, because such surfaces can prevent staining, corrosion and clogging, and also permit control of droplet motion. In this paper, we introduce our strategy for R&D, including classification and analysis of previous work, and establishment of a guiding principle for R&D towards practical and rapid realization of our novel oleophobic coatings. Atsushi Hozumi,
et.al.
Vol.7
No.2
Research papers A social system for production and utilization of thermophysical quantity data
[PDF:6.3MB]



− Measurement technology, metrological standard, standardization of measurement method, and database for thermal diffusivity by laser flash method −
The National Metrology Institute of Japan designed a system to supply reliable thermal diffusivity data efficiently and quickly to society. The system was founded on the technology for thermal diffusivity measurement by using a laser flash method, by establishing a metrological standard and reference materials, and by standardization of measurement technology. Tetsuya Baba,
et.al.
National standards of length for high-capacity optical fiber communication systems
[PDF:1MB]



− Development of fiber-based optical frequency combs −
An optical frequency comb is a collection of laser modes with identical frequency intervals in the visible to near-infrared regions that enables direct comparison of optical frequencies with microwave atomic frequency standards. Traditional solid-state laser-based frequency comb systems are large, expensive, and very difficult to operate for long periods of time during experiments. Hajime Inaba,
et.al.
Research and development of solar hydrogen production
[PDF:969KB]



− Toward the realization of ingenious photocatalysis-electrolysis hybrid system −
It is important to carry out research strategically and in a step-by-step manner in order to put new solar energy conversion technologies into practical use and to realize a society based on renewable energy. In this paper, we clarified the meaning of “solar hydrogen,” compared various solar hydrogen production technologies, and discussed their feasibilities. Kazuhiro Sayama,
et.al.
Methodology for designing cryptographic systems with advanced functionality based on a modular approach
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Towards reducing the barrier to introducing newly-designed cryptographic schemes into real-world systems −
In this article, we point out that in general, newly-designed highly functional cryptographic schemes have significantly complicated structures that hinder user understanding. Furthermore, this fact may prevent these new technologies from being introduced into real world systems. We propose a new methodology for overcoming this barrier. Goichiro Hanaoka,
et.al.
Development of lectin microarray, an advanced system for glycan profiling
[PDF:2.2MB]



− From frontal affinity chromatography to evanescent wave excitation fluorescence detection method −
Glycans are called the third class of biopolymers, after nucleic acids (first class) and proteins (second class). Elucidation of glycan functions has long been hampered by the difficulty in analyzing their structure. However, recent progress in proteomics technology has also accelerated progress in glycomics, which is the systematic study of glycans. Jun Hirabayashi
Development of a household high-definition video transmission system based on ballpoint-pen technology
[PDF:1.3MB]



− A low cost, easily deployed optical connection using a ballpoint-pen type interconnect −
Higher quality video formats beyond HDTV are being developed, but these formats require data communication rates greater than 10 Gbps, which are not easily adaptable to household applications. Moreover, household usage requires ease of handling, robustness against poor connectivity, and affordable cost. Tetsuya Toma,
et.al.
Vol.6
No.4
Research papers Development of automatic cell culture system for cell therapy and regenerative medicine
[PDF:948KB]



− Robotized system for high quality cell product preparation −
We carried out R&D in order to dramatically facilitate cell culture for clinical use, the difficulty of which had been a major hurdle in adapting basic research to clinical applications of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The world’s first robotized cell culture system (MDX) was developed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., and the systems were installed in Shinshu University and AIST. Shigeyuki Wakitani,
et.al.
Selection of next-generation low global-warming-potential refrigerants by using a risk trade-off framework
[PDF:835KB]



− Risk trade-off assessment for R-1234yf −
Because the refrigerants currently used in air-conditioners have high global-warming-potential (GWP), substances with lower GWP, such as R-1234yf, are being sought as candidate next-generation refrigerants. However, low-GWP substances often have comparatively high chemical reactivity and may carry increased risks of combustibility, toxicity, generation of degraded products, and CO2 emission increase caused by poor energy-saving performance. Hideo Kajihara
Industrial safety and application of the chemical accidents database
[PDF:570KB]



− Relational Information System for Chemical Accidents Database and Progress Flow Analysis −
The Relational Information System for Chemical Accidents Database (RISCAD) was developed and operates using data collected from the aftermath of fire, explosion, and leakage accidents related to chemical substances, chemical processes, high-pressure gas, and explosives. In RISCAD, some of the accident data are linked to the “Accident Progress FlowChart” (APFC), which shows the timeline and the cause analysis of each accident. Yuji Wada
Capacitor devices for rapid charge/discharge storage
[PDF:1.8MB]



− R&D strategies of electrode materials for high performance capacitor devices −
Energy storage devices now require rapid charge/discharge performance, not only high storage capacity for convenient and energy efficient devices. Research and development of rapid charge/discharge storage devices are carried out in an interdisciplinary field of nanotechnology and device manufacturing, where the scope of research is very different in size and scale. Hiroaki Hatori,
et.al.
Physical separation technology to support the strategic development of urban mining
[PDF:862KB]



− Development of unused/hard-to-use resources and a future vision of resources for Japan −
Most of the natural metal resources supporting manufacturing in Japan are imported from foreign countries. In recent years, the need for a stable supply has become a serious ongoing concern in the face of sudden price increases and unfavorable export regulations. Urban mining offers a promising means of utilizing domestic resources in order to minimize this risk. Tatsuya Oki
Round-table talks System design management and Synthesiology
[PDF:244KB]



− Methodology to tackle the issues of modern society and to utilize the research results in society −
The Graduate School of System Design and Management, Keio University was established in 2008. This school aims to create a comprehensive and integrated discipline that offers creative solutions to various issues in our society. Since their way of thinking is instructive for Synthesiology, a journal that seeks synthetic methodology for disseminating the research results into society, we discussed some common interests and ways of collaboration in the future. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.7
No.1
Research papers Open foundry to spur open-innovation
[PDF:635KB]



− Establishment of a foundry to realize an innovative cooperation platform and development of its sustainable management strategy −
Open foundries enable us to share cutting-edge equipment with global partners of industry-academia-government collaboration, and to promote interdisciplinary integration and job mobility among research personnel. Foundries have been established in many world-class public organizations, and are widely recognized as one of the most effective measures to spur R&D open-innovation. In this paper, the management strategy of the AIST open foundry, the Nano Processing Facility, is discussed. Hiro Akinaga
Development of an advanced sewage sludge incinerator, “turbocharged fluidized bed incinerator”
[PDF:1.4MB]



− The role of AIST in the development of a new system −
Annual production of sewage sludge in Japan has increased, and most of the sewage sludge is incinerated. With conventional sewage sludge incinerators, a large amount of energy is needed for operation. Additionally, the emissions of greenhouse gas N2O are expected to be high, because sludge contains a high concentration of nitrogen. In this R&D, an advanced sewage sludge incinerator “turbocharged fluidized bed incinerator,” which can achieve not only energy savings but also a low environmental impact, was proposed in collaboration with Public Works Research Institute and companies. Yoshizo Suzuki,
et.al.
A novel material design system method for on-demand material development
[PDF:2MB]



− A method born from a development field −
Advanced materials for the semiconductor industry are being developed every month. To reduce the development period, we constructed a novel material design system method based on linear programming, combinatorial optimization, and graph theory. This method (called weak conditioned combinatorial linear programming) enabled us to find formulation composition candidates that satisfy a number of properties at the same time. Teiichi Inada,
et.al.
Towards large-capacity, energy-efficient, and sustainable communication networks
[PDF:1.5MB]



− Network topology research for dynamic optical paths −
Internet traffic continues to increase due to the growth of video-related communication services. Such video-related services are expected to support future advanced communication services such as tele-presence based on real-time high resolution bidirectional video communication, tele-diagnosis, and remote education. However, the risk of an energy crunch in communication networks is increasing with the increase in traffic since energy consumption of current IP router based networks depends on traffic volume. Kiyo Ishii,
et.al.
Vol.6
No.4
Research papers Development of automatic cell culture system for cell therapy and regenerative medicine
[PDF:948KB]



− Robotized system for high quality cell product preparation −
We carried out R&D in order to dramatically facilitate cell culture for clinical use, the difficulty of which had been a major hurdle in adapting basic research to clinical applications of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The world’s first robotized cell culture system (MDX) was developed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., and the systems were installed in Shinshu University and AIST. Shigeyuki Wakitani,
et.al.
Selection of next-generation low global-warming-potential refrigerants by using a risk trade-off framework
[PDF:835KB]



− Risk trade-off assessment for R-1234yf −
Because the refrigerants currently used in air-conditioners have high global-warming-potential (GWP), substances with lower GWP, such as R-1234yf, are being sought as candidate next-generation refrigerants. However, low-GWP substances often have comparatively high chemical reactivity and may carry increased risks of combustibility, toxicity, generation of degraded products, and CO2 emission increase caused by poor energy-saving performance. Hideo Kajihara
Industrial safety and application of the chemical accidents database
[PDF:570KB]



− Relational Information System for Chemical Accidents Database and Progress Flow Analysis −
The Relational Information System for Chemical Accidents Database (RISCAD) was developed and operates using data collected from the aftermath of fire, explosion, and leakage accidents related to chemical substances, chemical processes, high-pressure gas, and explosives. In RISCAD, some of the accident data are linked to the “Accident Progress FlowChart” (APFC), which shows the timeline and the cause analysis of each accident. Yuji Wada
Capacitor devices for rapid charge/discharge storage
[PDF:1.8MB]



− R&D strategies of electrode materials for high performance capacitor devices −
Energy storage devices now require rapid charge/discharge performance, not only high storage capacity for convenient and energy efficient devices. Research and development of rapid charge/discharge storage devices are carried out in an interdisciplinary field of nanotechnology and device manufacturing, where the scope of research is very different in size and scale. Hiroaki Hatori,
et.al.
Physical separation technology to support the strategic development of urban mining
[PDF:862KB]



− Development of unused/hard-to-use resources and a future vision of resources for Japan −
Most of the natural metal resources supporting manufacturing in Japan are imported from foreign countries. In recent years, the need for a stable supply has become a serious ongoing concern in the face of sudden price increases and unfavorable export regulations. Urban mining offers a promising means of utilizing domestic resources in order to minimize this risk. Tatsuya Oki
Round-table talks System design management and Synthesiology
[PDF:244KB]



− Methodology to tackle the issues of modern society and to utilize the research results in society −
The Graduate School of System Design and Management, Keio University was established in 2008. This school aims to create a comprehensive and integrated discipline that offers creative solutions to various issues in our society. Since their way of thinking is instructive for Synthesiology, a journal that seeks synthetic methodology for disseminating the research results into society, we discussed some common interests and ways of collaboration in the future. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.6
No.3
Research papers A proposal for setting electric power saving rate to avoid risk of electric power shortage occurrence
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Probability evaluation system of electric power shortage occurrence under tight electric power supply −
Japan has to urgently build a new system for securing electric power supply including renewable energy and for saving electric power. The electricity demand and the electricity supply based on renewable energy are influenced by the weather. Thermal power generation may also be affected by equipment failure. Therefore, plotting of a plan is required to avoid electric power shortage under inaccurate prediction for supply and demand of electricity. Ikuo Arizono,
et al.
Development of diamond-based power devices
[PDF:1.3MB]



− Verification of its superiority as the ultimate power device −
Diamond is expected to be an excellent material exceeding SiC for producing low loss power devices because of its superior material characteristics. We have developed series of elemental technologies including killer-defect free epitaxial growth, refractory Schottky contact, Schottky barrier height control associated with low leakage current and termination structure. Shinichi Shikata,
et al.
Marine geological mapping project in the Okinawa area
[PDF:1.3MB]



− Geoinformation for the development of submarine mineral resources −
AIST has been conducting marine geological surveys in the Okinawa area to construct geological maps since 2008. The chain of islands extending from Kyushu to Taiwan in the Okinawa area is called the Ryukyu Arc, and was formed with the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate along the Ryukyu Trench. The Okinawa Trough is a back-arc basin formed behind the Ryukyu Arc. Kohsaku Arai,
et al.
Measurement of input resources for standardization activities in basic research and applied and development research, and the difference of the measuring results between the research types
[PDF:753KB]



− Case studies of universities and technology licensing organizations, and the electric machinery industry −
This study explores the methods for measuring standardization activities in basic research and applied and development research. Such methods are supposed to enable more sophisticated management of innovation in organizations. This paper focuses on standardization activities relating to intellectual property, because such activities are thought to be strongly linked to innovation. Suguru Tamura
Article Portfolio structuring and social implementation in the development of complex technology
[PDF:359KB]



− Case study of the development of GERAS and its evolution −
A portfolio analysis of composing elements using a synthesiological method has been carried out for complex technology development, which involves fusion of various technology systems and elemental technologies. To assess the method’s effectiveness, a case study was conducted on GERAS (Geo-environmental Risk Assessment System), a system for soil contamination diagnosis. Takeshi Komai
Vol.6
No.2
Research papers Training technology for auditory orientation by the persons with visual impairment
[PDF:875KB]



− Toward practical use in rehabilitation facilities −
People with visual impairments require training to perceive their surroundings from ambient sounds. The author developed a system, introduced to rehabilitation facilities, that allows training to be conducted in a safe virtual environment. To realize this system, the author carried out fundamental research on the mechanism of auditory orientation; developed basic technologies to simulate 3-D sound; and designed hardware and software to calculate 3-D sound, as well as head position and direction. Yoshikazu Seki
Separation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the separation method for biomolecules
[PDF:900KB]



− Towards large-scale, low-cost separation of metallic and semiconducting CNTs −
There are two types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs): metallic and semiconducting. To exploit their superior electric properties, mixtures of these two types of CNTs should be separated. For industrial applications, a large-scale, low-cost separation method is required. We successfully developed novel separation methods for CNTs by applying separation methods for biomolecules. Takeshi Tanaka,
et.al.
Construction of the Ceramic Color Database
[PDF:538KB]



− Database of more than 300,000 glaze test pieces and its application to industrial research −
AIST has more than 300,000 glaze test pieces, from over 80 years of ceramic studies by the Imperial Ceramic Experimental Institute and the Government Industrial Research Institute of Nagoya. These pieces are the physical evidence of the processes and the results of glaze test experiments. As such, they provide valuable information for glaze and ceramic research. Toyohiko Sugiyama
A brief history of arcade video game display technologies
[PDF:922KB]



− From CRT displays to real time graphics −
Since the rise of the market in the 1970s, arcade video games have evolved via the adoption of various display technologies. Initially transistor-to-transistor logic (TTL) was used, then bitmapped display—as seen in the smash hit Space Invaders—was adopted. Later display technologies include sprite display technology, an arcade industry innovation that played an important role in expanding the market, and real time polygon displays incorporating very fast numerical operations such as DSP. Yukiharu Sambe
A scientific challenge to the delineation of Japan’s continental shelf
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Contribution to validating the Japan’s rights over marine areas based on earth science −
The national project of the Delineation of the Extended Continental Shelf was conducted by ministries of the government of Japan as one. The intention of the project was to summarize the information containing scientific basis on the outer limits of the extended continental shelf and to submit the application to the United Nations. The researchers of AIST in the field of marine geology carried out the marine survey, analyzed the collected rock samples and interpreted the results, Akira Nishimura,
et.al.
Article An introduction to the Research Excellence Framework: A new research evaluation framework for universities in the UK
[PDF:397KB]



− A comparison with the status of research evaluation in Japan −
This article introduces the Research Excellence Framework (REF): a new research evaluation framework developed by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) to evaluate the research activities of higher education institutions in the UK. To promote excellent research so that its potential effect can be maximized, the REF has three criteria for evaluating institutions: output quality, impact, and research environment. Ryu Ohtani,
et.al.
Report Lecture at the 27th Conference of the Japan Society for Science Policy and Research Management
[PDF:305KB]



− Methodology of the introduction of technology to society from the analysis of papers published in Synthesiology −
This is a report of a lecture and discussion session at the 27th Conference of the Japan Society for Science Policy and Research Management, held at the Hitotsubashi University on October, 2012. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.6
No.1
Round-table talks New research method in the age of science, technology, and innovation
[PDF:332KB]



− On synthetic approach in basic research −
In the R&D for creating a product or business, the approach is taken where the necessary elemental technologies are integrated to achieve the goal, while many basic researches are driven by intellectual curiosity. On the other hand, in the R&D conducted using public funding, basic and fundamental researches that cannot be done by private companies are expected, as well as production of results that will benefit society and bring forth innovations to society. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Research papers Progress towards realizing distributed power generation with highly efficient SOFC systems
[PDF:1.5MB]



− Development and standardization of performance evaluation methods targeting early market entry of SOFC systems −
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are expected to serve as the power source for highly efficient distributed power generation systems. To achieve early market entry and fair competition, it is essential that performance evaluation methods for SOFC be established and standardized. For this purpose, we have developed high-precision performance evaluation methods and test apparatuses to measure the power generation performance of SOFC cells, stacks, and systems. Yohei Tanaka,
et al.
Earthquake prediction research based on observation of groundwater
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Earthquake forecasting based on crustal deformation estimated from groundwater level change −
We constructed a system for detecting preseismic changes in groundwater levels that uses a combination of long-term observation and analysis of groundwater, a poro-elastic theory, and the pre-slip model. This system is now in operation and is contributing to the national project for prediction of the Tokai earthquake. Naoji Koizumi
Estimation of legible font size for elderly people
[PDF:917KB]



− Accessible design of characters in signs and displays and its standardization −
Concept, methodology, and dissemination of outcomes for accessible design research are described in this paper, using vision research as an example. Characteristics of accessible design whose standpoint is different from that of assistive technology are explained in terms of methods for problem solving, objects of design, and public usefulness, and the role of standardization is emphasized from the point of public usefulness. Ken Sagawa,
et al.
Development of fiber optic broadband vibration-detection system
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Simultaneous measurement of both strain and acoustic emission using a fiber Bragg grating sensor −
Structural integrity can be examined using methods that evaluate response to vibration, such as hammering tests and ultrasonic inspections. Fiber optic sensors are expected to allow structural health monitoring in harsh environments where conventional electric sensors cannot be used. Hiroshi Tsuda,
et al.
Vol.5
No.4
Research papers Dose standards for safe and secure breast cancer screening
[PDF:1.5MB]



− Establishment of X-ray dose standards for mammography and construction of a calibration service system −
Breast X-ray screening (mammography) was introduced in 2000 to detect breast cancer at an early stage. Since then, the number of examinees has increased steadily. The X-ray dose must be optimized to obtain high-quality images that ensure diagnosis reliability without compromising safety. Mammography utilizes low-energy X-rays with a special energy spectrum for breast cancer screening. Takahiro Tanaka,
et.al.
Reconstruction of the 869 Jogan tsunami and lessons from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
[PDF:1.9MB]



− Significance of ancient earthquake studies and problems in announcing study results to society −
To estimate the magnitude of the 869 Jogan tsunami (described in the historical record), we surveyed tsunami deposits and constructed a source-fault model by combining geological data with geophysical simulation. Although the 2011 Tohoku earthquake was larger than the earthquake estimated by our Jogan model, the 2011 earthquake proved that tsunami deposits are evidence of past giant tsunamis, and reliable warnings of future giant tsunamis. Yukinobu Okamura
Evaluating uncertainty for the standardization of single cell/stack power generation performance tests for SOFC
[PDF:1MB]



− Standardizing test methods and ensuring reliability of test results for the commercialization of SOFC −
SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) is a very promising technology that achieves high power generation efficiency, while being very nearly usable. It is high time we considered enhancing commercialization and dissemination of SOFC by setting a standard for the evaluation method of SOFC cell/stack performance. In setting the standard, it is neither appropriate to describe the specific content or form of the test object, nor appropriate to unify the test conditions, because each type of SOFC has been developed for a different application owing to the diversity of SOFC. Akihiko Momma,
et.al.
Development of switchable mirror glass
[PDF:1.3MB]



− R&D strategy toward its practical use −
"Switchable mirror" is a new thin film material that can be switched between transparent and mirror states. Using this material on window glass saves energy by effectively shading rooms from sunshine, thereby decreasing cooling load in summer. In this paper, we introduce our R&D strategy for further development and practical deployment of this material. Kazuki Yoshimura,
et.al.
Standardization of environmental analysis methods of hazardous chemicals
[PDF:1.5MB]



− Contribution to international control of hazardous chemicals by using advanced technologies −
The development and dissemination of reliable analysis methods and reference materials, and the accumulation of high-quality analytical data are important to: (1) understand the environmental impact of hazardous chemicals; (2) evaluate the safety and effectiveness of international treaties regarding these chemicals; and (3) formulate policies accordingly. Sachi Taniyasu,
et.al.
Vol.5
No.3
Research papers Developing an evaluation system of visually induced motion sickness for safe usage of moving images
[PDF:1.5MB]



− Fermentation of a social understanding to supply secure and comfortable images through integration of researches on human characteristics, image analysis technique and image production technique −
We have developed an evaluation system of moving images by estimating temporal variations of discomfort levels of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) caused by the images. The system is useful for making image producers understand the importance of reducing the possibility of VIMS. Hiroyasu Ujike
Spinning process using robot technology
[PDF:1.4MB]



− Field-based bricolage of manufacturing technology −
Metal spinning is a plastic forming method in which a rotating metal material is pushed by a roller to form a product. It is suitable for the production of a wide variety of products in small quantities owing to the low cost of forming dies. We have achieved the fabrication of noncircular shapes by using robot technology, which is difficult to realize by conventional methods. Hirohiko Arai
International cooperation for the utilization of earth observational data in an integrated manner
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Development of de jure standardization of the common infrastructure for the global earth observation system of systems −
While each country separately obtains, processes, and utilizes earth observation data, there is a pressing need for a common infrastructure to facilitate integrated use of these resources. At an intergovernmental meeting, an international agreement was reached to construct a common infrastructure for the global earth observation system. Koki Iwao
Development of a pressure sensor using a piezoelectric material thin film
[PDF:1.9MB]



− Application to a combustion pressure sensor for mass-produced cars −
In this paper, we show the process of research and development of a combustion pressure sensor using an aluminum nitride (AlN) thin film, which we developed for the first time in the world. At the time we envisaged the R&D in 2003, most sensors used a piezoelectric single crystal. Morito Akiyama,
et al.
Novel functional gels and their commercial distribution as chemical reagents
[PDF:1.1MB]



− New development of functional soft-materials −
We have recently developed novel gel-forming materials based on organic electrolytes. The organic electrolytes can be prepared by a simple one-pot reaction applicable to large-scale production. The materials show the following remarkable characteristics. (a) They can be used for gelation of not only water but also electrolyte solutions of polar organic solvents including ionic liquids. Masaru Yoshida
Evaluating the effects of actions taken to attract visitors to sightseeing areas
[PDF:1MB]



− An Open Service Field behavior survey technology −
Every year, actions are taken to attract more visitors to sightseeing areas, yet the effects of these actions are rarely evaluated. Basic data for assessing effects can be obtained by measuring the change in visitation patterns upon the introduction of actions. We did not have the technology, however, to track the migration behavior quantitatively and successively with reasonable cost. Yoshinobu Yamamoto
Development of basic tools for glycoscience and their application to cancer diagnosis
[PDF:1.5MB]



− A 10-year strategy of the Research Center for Medical Glycoscience of AIST −
We proposed a 10-year strategy for the development of a new scientific field, glycoscience. Initially, we developed basic technological tools to help scientists and engineers entering this field. As the first project, we exhaustively discovered glycogenes and carried out their functional analyses. Hisashi Narimatsu
Round-table talks Creation of values and synthesis
[PDF:545KB]
Professor Masatoshi Ishikawa of the University of Tokyo stated that the creation of new social value is necessary in addition to the analytical pursuit of truth. As the Executive Vice President of the University of Tokyo from April 2004 to March 2006, he worked to develop a system for transferring highly original research results from academia to society. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.5
No.2
Research papers Paleoclimate reconstruction and future forecast based on coral skeletal climatology
[PDF:1.8MB]



− Understanding the oceanic history through precise chemical and isotope analyses of coral annual bands −
Global warming (due to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) has attracted much attention. Yet, predicting trends in the Earth's climate remains difficult. A more sophisticated and accurate global warming model can be obtained by reconstructing climatic change since the Industrial Revolution, and other past periods of warming. Atsushi Suzuki
Development of methane hydrate production method
[PDF:1.5MB]



− A large-scale laboratory reactor for methane hydrate production tests −
Natural gas hydrates off the shores of Japan are valuable resources for the country. To utilize these resources, it is necessary to establish a gas production technology and investigate suitable conditions for extraction of methane from methane hydrate reservoirs. While corescale dissociation experiments yield reproducible results on how methane hydrate dissociates under various conditions, Jiro Nagao
Toward the integrated optimization of steel plate production process
[PDF:1.8MB]



− A proposal for production control by multi-scale hierarchical modeling −
Integrated optimization of production in the steel industry to simultaneously minimize lead time and improve productivity is a real challenge. Lean manufacturing, recognized as a leading successful example of such optimization, is characterized by synchronization of time scale of production with that of the mainline. Kiyoshi Nishioka,
et.al.
Information sharing platform to assist rescue activities in huge disasters
[PDF:3.6MB]



− System linkage via data mediation −
Various "unexpected" situations caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake severely hampered disaster-control systems of Japanese national and local governments. A flexible framework for disaster information systems that is reorganizable depending on circumstances is required to mitigate such serious situations. Itsuki Noda
Round-table talks Science and technology policy and synthesiology–Bridging science and values
[PDF:471KB]
One of the aims of the Fourth Science and Technology Basic Plan, which was decided by the Government of Japan last August, is to create "solution-seeking" or "issue-driven" innovations such as green innovation and life innovation. The Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST-RISTEX) is promoting various R&D programs that lead to the implementation of the research results in society. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.5
No.1
Research papers Construction of a traceability matrix for high quality project management
[PDF:2.2MB]



− A proposal of a basic theory toward a change from process-centric management to information-centric project management −
Design information is important for software development projects because it determines their cost and product. In this research, a model has been made which can trace how information moves in a project by paying attention to the design information which is hard to trace by process-centric project management. Akihiro Sakaedani,
et al.
Research and development of a monopivot centrifugal blood pump for clinical use
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Collaboration for a product between medical and engineering teams −
AIST succeeded in developing a circulatory assist centrifugal pump, which can be used as a bridge-to-bridge device of a period within four weeks before a long-term use of ventricular assist device. The adopted mechanism of monopivot bearing was originally proposed by AIST. Takashi Yamane,
et al.
An analysis method for oxygen impurity in magnesium and its alloys
[PDF:1.8MB]



− International standardization activity in parallel with R&D −
A simple and reliable analysis method has been developed to measure oxygen impurity in magnesium (Mg) and its alloys. Instead of directly analyzing oxygen impurity of an analyte, a multi-step heating-up method has been invented, in which oxide, compound of oxygen impurity with metals, is first separated from an analyte and then oxygen content analysis is carried out. Akira Tsuge,
et al.
Analysis of synthetic approaches described in papers of the journal Synthesiology
[PDF:2.1MB]



− Towards establishing synthesiological methodology for bridging the gap between scientific research results and society −
The methodology of synthesis has been studied by analyzing 70 papers published in the academic journal, Synthesiology, launched in 2008. As a result, it has been found that each technological field has its distinctive features, e.g. there are many break-through type syntheses in biotechnology and nanotechnology, and the strategic selection types are commonly observed in the metrology and measurement field. Naoto Kobayashi,
et al.
Durable polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) for residential co-generation application
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Elucidation of degradation mechanism to establish an accelerated aging test method of PEFC −
Co-generation system using clean and compact PEFC which makes highly efficient power generation possible, promotes considerable energy savings at home since it provides both heat and electricity together. Therefore, its commercialization has been expected. The goal of 40000-hour-operation has been set as a practical target. Kazumi Tanimoto,
et al.
Report Synthesiology through knowledge integration to innovation
[PDF:729KB]
This is a report of the synthesiology workshop "Synthesiology through knowledge integration to innovation" at the Annual Conference of the Japan Society for Science Policy and Research Management, held at the Tokiwa Campus, Yamaguchi University in October 2011. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.4
No.4
Research papers Development of high efficiency flexible solar cells
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Management of "Flexible Solar Cell Substrates Consortium" and its achievements −
Elemental technological challenges required for the development of flexible solar cells have been clarified and a consortium system to solve the problems has been established based on industry-academia-government collaboration. The technology to form texture on polymer base materials indispensable for high efficiency has been developed, Atsushi Masuda
Safety assessment of high-level nuclear waste disposal in Japan from the standpoint of geology
[PDF:1.3MB]



− Methodology of long-term forecast using geological history −
Concerning the geological disposal system of high-level nuclear waste, the term subject to safety assessment of the system after closure is considered to exceed several hundred thousand years. We are faced with the major issues of how to guarantee such long-term safety and on what kind of criteria the system should be regulated. Takahiro Yamamoto
Improvement of reliability in pressure measurements and international mutual recognition
[PDF:2MB]



− Incorporation of industrial digital pressure gauges to the national metrology system −
Reliable pressure measurements provide the basis for all activities in society and industry, and every country shows considerable interest in them in international trade. Recently, characteristics of industrial digital pressure gauges and the short- and long-term stabilities as well as the stability under environment change and during transportation have been improved remarkably. Tokihiko Kobata,
et.al.
Efficient production of active form of vitamin D3 by microbial conversion
[PDF:1MB]



− Comprehensive approach from the molecular to the cellular level −
Conversion processes of organic compounds using biocatalyst generally have high regio- and stereo-selectivity, and are becoming increasingly important for efficient production of chemicals. In addition, biocatalysis is less hazardous, less polluting and less energy-consuming than the conventional chemical method. Yoshiaki Yasutake,
et.al.
Round-table talks Systems and synthesiology
[PDF:537KB]
Editor-in-Chief Ono and Senior Editor Akamatsu of Synthesiology visited Mr. Hiroshi Kuwahara, senior corporate adviser of Hitachi-Maxell, Ltd., former Vice-Chairman of Hitachi, Ltd., and former member of the Council for Science and Technology Policy. Mr. Kuwahara is also the member of the Systems Science and Technology Committee headed by Senior Fellow Hidenori Kimura, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.4
No.3
Research papers Demonstration test of energy conservation of central air conditioning system at the Sapporo City Office Building
[PDF:1.3MB]



− Reduction of pump power by flow drag reduction using surfactant −
In recent years, the amount of carbon dioxide emission in the civilian sector has been increasing. In this experiment, the so-called Toms effect, i.e. the effect of flow drag reduction when surfactant is injected to circulating water, has been verified to reduce the transfer power of circulating water for air conditioning systems of buildings. Hiromi Takeuchi
Designing products and services based on understanding human cognitive behavior
[PDF:1MB]



− Development of cognitive chrono-ethnography for synthesiological research −
When technology development is conducted based only on a developer's idea, we face difficulties in realizing products and services that will be well accepted by people. This is because it is difficult for a developer to know precisely how various users think and feel while using products or receiving services under real life situations. Motoyuki Akamatsu,
et al.
A novel technology for production of drinking water in emergencies
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Specific material for selective nitrate adsorption −
Underground water has been used as a suitable drinking water source for a long time. In recent years, however, not a small number of wells have become out of use as a drinking water source owing to pollution with nitrate or nitrite. A mobile water purification system has been developed with advantages in portability and cost to utilize the polluted wells in emergencies. Akinari Sonoda
Integrated development of automotive navigation and route guidance system
[PDF:756KB]



− Product development for realization of dreams and standardization for social acceptance −
The automotive navigation system has been realized and has become popular along with the rapid development of electronic technology. The needs of people to reach destinations efficiently have pushed its development along with the projects of automotive development. Hajime Ito
Innovative electron microscope for light-element atom visualization
[PDF:1.8MB]



− Development of low-voltage electron microscopes in Triple-C project −
Today, the demand for techniques to directly visualize the atomic-level structures of nano-materials and so-called soft matter (organic molecules, bio-materials, etc.) is rapidly increasing. Observing these objects using conventional transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) often results in serious irradiation-induced structural damage, Yuta Sato,
et al.
Round-table talks Research and development of systems science and technology
[PDF:456KB]
The Center for Research and Development Strategy (CRDS) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) established the Systems Science Section to review what should be promoted in the area of systems science and technology. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.4
No.2
Research papers ARGUS: Adaptive Recognition for General Use System
[PDF:1.4MB]



− Its theoretical construction and applications−
In recent years, the need for computer vision systems is increasing in various fields, such as security and visual inspection. It is crucial there to realize simple and high-speed practical vision systems. The present paper addresses the author's theoretical research and its applications developed thus far in working toward this goal. Nobuyuki Otsu
Toward the use of humanoid robots as assemblies of content technologies
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Realization of a biped humanoid robot allowing content creators to produce various expressions −
A significant feature of humanoid robots is their potential to make various expressions as humans do, and this feature will allow the use of humanoid robots as assemblies of content technologies. Technical issues required for the practical use of humanoid robots are discussed in terms of robot hardware, motion expression generation, vocal expression generation and integrated GUI (Graphical User Interface), Shin'ichiro Nakaoka,
et.al.
Thermoelectric hydrogen gas sensor
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Technology to secure safety in hydrogen usage and international standardization of hydrogen gas sensor −
A thermoelectric hydrogen gas sensor developed for leak detection in hydrogen stations has shown good hydrogen selectivity and wide hydrogen detection concentration ranging from 0.5 ppm to 5 %. We have demonstrated high sensitivity and reliability of the sensor exceeding conventional technology through a field test of one year. We could optimize the following three constituent technology elements to meet the social needs, Woosuck Shin
et.al.
Demonstration of optical communication network for ultra high-definition image transmission
[PDF:1.6MB]



− Proof-of-concept experiment of image distribution over the dynamic optical path network −
In order to overcome the limitation of low-power-consumption and communication capacity of the equipment forming the present communication network, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) has carried out a demonstration of a new prototype optical path network to support the super HD large-capacity image contents era, Junya Kurumida,
et.al.
Paper supplement to "Study on the PAN carbon-fiber-innovation for modeling a successful R&D management"
[PDF:443MB]



− An excited-oscillation management model −
In the paper, "Study on the PAN carbon-fiber-innovation for modeling a successful R&D management", published in Synthesiology, Vol. 2 No. 2, pages 159-169, some errors and inaccurate expressions have been found, which do not sufficiently convey the authors' intentions and could lead to misunderstandings. The errata, additional references, and supplemental commentaries are presented as follows. Osamu Nakamura,
et.al.
Round-table talks Third anniversary of Synthesiology
[PDF:414KB]
A roundtable discussion of the authors was held for the third year anniversary of Synthesiology. We asked the authors what they gained from writing for Synthesiology, and their thoughts on the "Discussion with Reviewers" that is the distinguishing characteristic of this journal. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.4
No.1
Research papers Development of novel chemical reagents for reliable genetic analyses [PDF:845KB]


− Process from an original idea to marketing of a chemical product used for life science −
High performance genetic analysis is an integration of various inter-correlated technologies. Of all the technologies, chemical reagents are indispensible for modifying DNA or RNA, yet the total performance of genetic analysis is sometimes limited by the insufficient capability of reagents. Yasuo Komatsu,
et al.
Development of laser-assisted inkjet printing technology [PDF:1.7MB]


− Wiring technology to achieve high throughput and fine patterning simultaneously −
A new technology that can be easily adapted to various circuit designs and production in small lots has been requested in electronic device manufacturing where low cost device fabrication on large area is required. We have developed a laser-assisted inkjet printing technology which can achieve high throughput and fine patterning simultaneously. Akito Endo,
et al.
Formation of research strategy and synthetic research evaluation based on the strategy [PDF:1.8MB]


− Toward research program evaluation as a creative activity −
Formation of research strategy, and synthetic research evaluation based on the proposed strategy have been considered. The importance of a setup of targets and a scenario of the research program to achieve the targets as a part of strategy formation, and the importance of research evaluation consistent with the research strategy are emphasized. Naoto Kobayashi,
et.al.
Development and release of a spectral database for organic compounds [PDF:1.1MB]


− Key to the continual services and success of a large-scale database −
The research activities of spectral database for organic compounds (SDBS) in AIST started in 1982. Since then, many parts of research activities have changed while the other parts have remained unchanged for almost 30 years. Takeshi Saito,
et.al.
Challenge for the development of micro SOFC manufacturing technology [PDF:1.5MB]


− Compact SOFC using innovative ceramics integration process −
Realization of highly efficient SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) modules, which are compact and capable of quick startup and shut-down operation, is strongly expected because it would be useful to solve environmental problems. Yoshinobu Fujishiro,
et.al.
Round-table talk "Monozukuri" (manufacturing) of Japan and synthesiology
[PDF:564KB]
New advantage must be added to Japanese manufacturing (monozukuri) for which Japan has held the leading position. To do so, it is necessary to build a new mechanism for research and development and innovation. We heard from the people who have led the Japanese manufacturing about the new strategy for monozukuri, Synthesiology Editorial Board
Report Synthesiology Workshop
[PDF:665KB]
The Synthesiology Workshop was held in October 2010 as part of the lecture series for the "AIST Open Lab" organized by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). This is a report of this workshop. Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.3
No.4
Research papers R&D of SiC semiconductor power devices and strategy towards their practical utilization
[PDF:1MB]



− The role of AIST in developing new semiconductor devices−
The realization of SiC semiconductor power devices has been highly exp ected tocontribute to energy saving, however, it requires overcoming various technological barriers. AIST has been contributing to this objective for more than 15 years mainly through Kazuo Arai
Development of single-crystalline diamond wafers
[PDF:922KB]



− Enlargement of crystal size by microwave plasma CVD and wafer fabrication technology −
Industrial application of diamond has been limited to the use of its hardness, e.g., in machining tools, because large size crystals of diamond are difficult to synthesize and very expensive. If these problems are solved, it can be used for various purposes. Akiyoshi Chayahara,
et.al.
Investigation of the distribution of elements of the whole of Japan and their applications
[PDF:1MB]



− Geochemical map of land and sea of Japan −
A geochemical map of the whole of Japan has been drawn for the first time by surveying the distribution of elements in land and sea throughout Japan. This map revealed the natural background of the elements distribution and allows us to know the Noboru Imai
How car navigation systems have been put into practical use
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Development management and commercialization process −
Japanese manufacturers have played key roles in developing practical vehicle navigation systems (hereinafter “NAVS”). The NAVS have spread throughout the world and have become extremely useful. The market size in Japan alone is considered to exceed Hirosaka Ikeda,
et.al.
New material development by the integration of cast technology and powder metallurgy technology
[PDF:1.1MB]



− A high-performance hard material which used intermetallic compound for binder phase −

Hard materials made of ceramics combined with metals are used for dies and cutting tools that support high precision processing technology in Japan. Hard materials, however, need a large amount of rare metals that are scarce as resources as component and

Keizo Kobayashi,
et.al.
Talk Clinical research and synthesiology
[PDF:987KB]
Among medical researches, the clinical research utilizes results of the basic research for society in the form of therapy. President Higuchi of the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) and Ono, Editor in Chief of Synthesiology discussed the situation of Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.3
No.3
Research papers An optimum design method utilizing a strategic system design concept
[PDF:845KB]



− Reduction of CO2 emissions at a datacenter by reusing emitted heat for agriculture −
Datacenters are important infrastructures of information and communication technology (ICT). Reducing electric-power consumption and the CO2 emissions at the centers are urgent issues from the viewpoint of global environmental concerns. Jiro Fukuda,
et al.
A methodology for improving reliability of complex systems
[PDF:1.3MB]



− Synthesis of architectural design method and model checking −
This paper describes a methodology for decomposing a system specification into component specifications and interface specifications whose cooperative behavior is consistent with each component. The methodology is constructed by a bridge method of Atsushi Katoh,
et al.
National electrical standards supporting international competition of Japanese manufacturing industries
[PDF:1.3MB]



− Realization of a new capacitance standard and its traceability system −
A capacitor or a condenser is one of the most basic electrical devices and is used in various electrical equipments. Recently the electrical equipment industry has been requesting the quality of capacitors to be compatible with international standards; Yasuhiro Nakamura,
et.al.
Development of a sensor system for animal watching to keep human health and food safety
[PDF:1.1MB]



− A health monitoring system for chickens by using wireless sensors −
We have been developing wireless sensor nodes for monitoring animal health and networks that care animal groups. “Animal Watch Sensors” - miniaturized, light, flexible and maintenance-free sensor nodes, will be utilized for the early detection of Toshihiro Itoh,
et.al.
Interview Meta-engineering that promotes innovation
[PDF:1MB]
The Engineering Academy of Japan has the Committee on Technology Policy that proposes effective policy upon analyzing what kind of science and technology policies are necessary from the standpoint of engineering for society. Under this committee, Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.3
No.2
Research papers Cyber Assist project as service science
[PDF:1.4MB]



− A project that began ten years too early −
The Cyber Assist project was launched in 2000, and its R&D was conducted at the Cyber Assist Research Center at AIST from 2001 to 2005. This project was a leading activity followed by ubiquitous computing and service science in Japan as well as one of Hideyuki Nakashima,
et.al.
Graduate education for multi-disciplinary system design and management
[PDF:1MB]



− Developing leaders of large-scale complex systems −
“System Design and Management” program, a study that integrates humanities and sciences by crossing many disciplines, is essential to foster talented persons who can lead in the development and operation of large-scale complex systems that are Naohiko Kohtake,
et.al.
Products and evaluation device of cosmetics for UV protection
[PDF:1MB]



− AIST commercialization based on regional collaboration that combines the current strategic logic,
and an intermediary’s experience and trial-and-error approach −
We introduce a case study of UV-protective cosmetic product development. Recently, cosmetics need to solve 3 problems simultaneously: 1) UV-protective effect, 2) transparence, and 3) smooth-textured touch. However, the best recipe and usable evaluation Yasumasa Takao,
et.al.
Establishment of compact processes
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Integration of high-pressure micro-engineering and supercritical fluid −
In order to realize sustainable development, it is anticipated that industrial structure, social and technical systems based on large-scale production at concentrated sites must be changed in the near future. Establishment of highly controllable compact Akira Suzuki,
et.al.
Development of an accurate and cost-effective quantitative detection method for specific gene sequences
[PDF:1MB]



− Development of a quantitative detection method for specific gene sequences using fluorescence
quenching phenomenon −
DNA and RNA quantifications are essential in various fields such as biomedicine, agriculture, fishery, environment, and food. We have developed an accurate and cost-effective method for the quantification of specific nucleic acid sequences; the method Naohiro Noda
Report Synthesiology: Knowledge for interdisciplinary consilience
[PDF:973KB]
The 3rd Conference organized by the Transdisciplinary Federation of Science and Technology (TFST) was held at the Tohoku University in December 2009. The special session entitled “Synthesiology: Knowledge for Interdisciplinary Consilience” included a Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.3
No.1
Research papers A bioinformatics strategy to produce a cyclically developing project structure
[PDF:1MB]



− Comprehensive functional analysis of the drug design target genes −
In the midst of the information flood of biological data, the role of the bioinformatics technology rises. This technology is expected to provide information to reduce the risk in the experiments and to help the designing of the experimental protocol. For this Makiko Suwa,
et al.
The advanced geological researches and fundamental national land information
[PDF:1.7MB]



− Development process of the Geological Map of Japan 1:50,000 −
The Geological Map of Japan 1:50,000 shows fundamental national land information of the subsurface materials of the district, and is multifariously used for resources development, disaster prevention, siting of industrial activities, environment protection, Makoto Saito
Improving the reliability of temperature measurements up to 1550 ºC
[PDF:2.2MB]



− Establishing the temperature standards and calibration system for thermocouples −
Since late 1990’s, the reliability of temperature measurements at high temperatures was remarkably upgraded by establishing the national measurement standards for calibration of thermocouples up to 1550 ºC, and by implementing the traceability system. Masaru Arai,
et.al.
Biomarker analysis on microchips
[PDF:963KB]



− Development of POCT device for multi-marker analysis −
Point of care testing (POCT), the analysis of biomarkers at the patient’s side, is a continuously expanding trend in the practice of laboratory diagnosis. Although some POCT devices for the analysis of blood glucose and/or several infectious diseases have been Masatoshi Kataoka,
et.al.
Development of primary standard for hydrocarbon flow and traceability system of measurement in Japan
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Approach to construction of an effective and reliable traceability system −
It is of importance to establish the hydrocarbon flow standard which acts as the basis for vast dealings and taxation for hydrocarbons, enforcement of the policy on energy savings and high quality management of industries. As a result of investigation Takashi Shimada,
et.al.
A field-scientific approach to Clinico-Informatics
[PDF:798KB]



− Towards a methodology for technology transfers −
We propose clinico-informatics, as a research field for dealing with risks of information systems based on informatics. In this paper, we consider a model of technology transfer from the authors’ experiences, i.e. transferring verification technology to industry Yoshiki Kinoshita,
et.al.
Acquisition of skills on the shop-floor
[PDF:1MB]



− Visualization and substitution of skills in manufacturing −
For the purpose of assisting skill transfer training in small and medium manufacturing industry, an acquisition method of judgment skills of experienced factory workers on shop-floors of metal processing such as forging, casting and plating is proposed. Norio Matsuki
Secure implementation of cryptographic modules
[PDF:2MB]



− Development of a standard evaluation environment for side channel attacks −
The use of cryptographic modules is rapidly expanding throughout the world. Because of this, it is necessary to standardize a security evaluation scheme and to establish a public evaluation and validation program for these modules. Side channel attacks, Akashi Satoh,
et.al.
Round-table talk Synthesiology on the Second Anniversary
[PDF:1.2MB]
We have just completed the second year of Synthesiology which was launched in 2008. Four issues each of Volumes 1 and 2 were published during the two years, including 49 research papers and 14 articles and interviews. We received various responses from Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.2
No.4
Research papers Development of a real-time all-in-focus microscope
[PDF:1.4MB]



− WYSIWYG in the micro-world −
In this paper, our struggle to realize a high-speed digital processed microscopic observational system for tele-micro-operation with a dynamic focusing system and a high-speed digital-processing system using the "depth from focus" criteria is reported. To Kohtaro Ohba
Portable national length standards designed and constructed using commercially available parts
[PDF:1MB]



− An advanced mechanical design for the iodine stabilized He-Ne laser −
The iodine stabilized He-Ne laser at 633 nm is widely used as the national length (wavelength) standards in many countries. Since the wavelength emitted by the laser is directly proportional to the cavity length of the laser, extremely high mechanical sta Jun Ishikawa
How the reliable environmental noise measurement is ensured
[PDF:1MB]



− Development of acoustic standards and a new calibration service system −
To ensure the reliable results in acoustic measurement such as environmental noise measurement, NMIJ/AIST has developed essential calibration techniques and established a traceability system based on the Japanese Measurement Law with acoustic standards at Ryuzo Horiuchi
Bioethanol production from woods with the aid of nanotechnology
[PDF:1.6MB]



− Pretreatment for enzymatic saccharification using natural structure of cellulose −
Bioethanol production from woody biomass by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic components and fermentation has attracted much attention. In this process, pretreatment is important to improve enzymatic degradability of cellulose. A milling process is one o Takashi Endo
Interviews Restoration of engineering and Synthesiology
[PDF:955KB]
The Engineering Academy of Japan with its abundant knowledge and experience discusses and issues statements on a variety of topics in engineering. The "Study Group for the Restoration of Engineering" reconsiders the meaning of engineering in the modern Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.2
No.3
Research papers Evaluation of earthquake occurrence from active faults
[PDF:920KB]



− Evaluation of rupture probabilities of active faults using the Cascade Earthquake Model based on behavioral segmentation −
In order to assess the probability of the occurrence of future large earthquakes based upon the past activities of active faults, we divided active faults into behavioral segments, and adopted the Cascade Earthquake Model, that is, a model that considers Toshikazu Yoshioka
Two types of lead users in a model for the transfer of technology into households
[PDF:765KB]



− The development and diffusion of induction heating cookery −
In this paper, we propose a multi lead users model for the transfer of technology into households through an empirical analysis of the development and diffusion of induction heating (IH) cookery. Even if big firms successfully develop a technology such as Yuka Kubo,
et al.
Creating non-volatile electronics by spintronics technology
[PDF:1MB]



− Toward developing ultimate green IT devices −
We have been promoting Full Research to develop ultimate green IT devices based on non-volatile electronics. A core technology of non-volatile electronics is a non-volatile memory possessing features such as large capacity, high-speed operation, and high Shinji Yuasa,
et al.
A marked improvement in the reliability of the measurement of trace moisture in gases
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Establishment of metrological traceability and a performance evaluation of trace moisture analyzers −
The reliability of the measurement of trace moisture in a gas was improved markedly owing to the establishment of a trace moisture standard at AIST. As a result, problems with conventional methods of measuring trace moisture in gases have been revealed. T Hisashi Abe
Development of battery-operated portable high-energy X-ray sources
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Innovation in X-ray nondestructive evaluation −
We have developed a practical portable high-energy X-ray source, which can generate high energy X-rays with energies greater than 100 keV enabling the taking of high-definition X-ray transmission images using an R6 (AA) battery as a power source. This res Ryoichi Suzuki
Vol.2
No.2
Research papers A study of paleoearthquakes at archeological sites
[PDF:1.3MB]



− A new interdisciplinary area between paleoseismology and archeology −
Traces of paleoearthquakes have been found at many archeological sites in Japan. However, most of them have been neglected to date and not considered to be a subject relevant to archeological research. The author has studied these traces since 1988, namin Akira Sangawa
High accuracy three-dimensional shape measurements for supporting manufacturing industries
[PDF:1.7MB]



− Establishment of the traceability system and standardization −
Digital engineering technique has widely been used for speedy and effective manufacturing of industrial products. Coordinate measuring machines (CMM) are being used for measuring three-dimensional shapes of products and taking an important role to keep th Sonko Osawa,
et al.
A secure and reliable next generation mobility
[PDF:2.1MB]



− An intelligent electric wheelchair with a stereo omni-directional camera system −
We propose a secure and reliable next generation smart electric wheelchair system that is equipped with a novel 3D stereovision system referred to here as a 'stereo omni-directional camera'. The novel vision system is not only intended for use with a new Yutaka Satoh,
et al.
Energy savings in transportation systems by weight reduction of their components
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Research and development of non-combustible magnesium alloys −
Technological innovation bringing direct energy savings and reductions in carbon-dioxide emissions has been cited as an urgent issue in the field of transportation machinery. To cope with this issue, demand has been growing for structural materials that a Michiru Sakamoto,
et al.
A strategy to reduce energy usage in ceramic fabrication
[PDF:1.3MB]



− Novel binders and related processing technology −
Because of serious global environmental problems, the ceramic industry has been concentrating on the reduction of energy usage during manufacturing. In this project, we have investigated low-energy processing techniques for ceramic components. Our researc Koji Watari,
et al.
Development of high-sensitivity molecular adsorption detection sensors
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Biomolecular detection for highly-developed diagnosis, medication, and medical treatments −
High sensitivity sensors for detection of molecules are aspired in various fields of application, particularly in medical technology, pharmacy and environmental sciences. In the present research, we have developed a high-performance molecular detection se Makoto Fujimaki,
et al.
Study on the PAN carbon-fiber-innovation for modeling a successful R&D management
[PDF:884KB]



− An excited-oscillation management model −
We have investigated the processes of invention of PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) carbon fiber and its technology transfer to private companies. From this investigation and analysis, we have found a new R&D management model, named "excited-oscillation model". Th Osamu Nakamura,
et al.
Interviews Energy-saving policy and standard research for solid-state lighting in the United States
[PDF:1.1MB]
When Dr. Yoshi Ohno, who engages in the research of photometry standards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the United States, visited AIST in December, 2008, Ono and Tanaka, editors of the Synthesiology Editorial Board, took Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.2
No.1
Research papers Predictive modeling of everyday behavior from large-scale data
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Learning and inference from Bayesian networks based on actual services −
Daily life behavior modeling is discussed. This modeling framework consists of statistical learning, probabilistic reasoning, user modeling, and large-scale data collecting technologies. Bayesian networks can represent causality relationship as graphical Yoichi Motomura
Expansion of organic reference materials for the analysis of hazardous substances in food and the environment
[PDF:1.3MB]



− Realization of an efficient metrological traceability using the quantitative NMR method −
Reference materials are indispensable for accurate analysis of hazardous substances in food and the environment. For organic substances, however, the dissemination of reference materials is hopelessly unable to catch up with today's rapidly proliferating Toshihide Ihara,
et al.
Modeling the social acceptance of industrial technologies
[PDF:1.6MB]



− Development of an eco-product diffusion analysis model that incorporates three existing models −
In order to bring change to society through technological developments, analysis of the social acceptance of a given technology is indispensable. In this research, we developed a model that includes the effects of the diffusion of environmentally consciou Mitsutaka Matsumoto,
et al.
How Grid enables E-Science?
[PDF:784KB]



− Design and implementation of the GEO Grid −
In this paper, we report on the design and implementation of the GEO (Global Earth Observation) Grid IT infrastructure as an example of E-Science. Using Grid technologies, the GEO Grid provides an IT infrastructure that integrates wide varieties of data s Yoshio Tanaka
Basic materials research for the development of ubiquitous-energy devices
[PDF:1.8MB]



− Applications to positive electrode materials of Li-ion batteries, electrode catalysts of proton-exchange fuel cells and gold catalysts −
For ubiquitous-energy devices, the development of well-performing functional materials is the key issue. Effective collaboration between development researchers and researchers carrying out basic materials analysis using electron microscopy observations, Masanori Kohyama,
et al.
Innovation in distillation processes
[PDF:843KB]



− Process intensification for energy savings through concept of "detuning" from ideal state −
A methodology of process intensification was discussed through the concept of "detuning" from the ideal state, especially for the energy-saving continuous distillation processes, which are typical energy consumer in the chemical and petrochemical industri Masaru Nakaiwa,
et al.
Advanced in-silico drug screening to achieve high hit ratio
[PDF:842KB]



− Development of 3D-compound database −
Every year, several million compounds for drug screening are released by numerous vendors around the world. The information provided on these compounds is in the form of their two-dimensional (2D) structures. We have developed a software system to generat Yoshifumi Fukunishi,
et al.
Round-table talk One-year anniversary of Synthesiology
[PDF:609KB]
One year has passed since the launch of Synthesiology. In its first year, four issues containing 24 research papers were published. We have attempted to present original research papers with a new style of expression that differ from those of conventional Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.1
No.4
Research papers Development of high power and high capacity lithium secondary battery based on the advanced nanotechnology
[PDF:1.2MB]



− The convergence innovation strategy employing the inter-disciplinary research and inter-organization straightforward technology transfer −
The development of high power and high capacity lithium secondary battery has been executed in a new strategic innovation scheme. This paper reports the significance of adopting the idea of interdisciplinary research to straightforward technology transfer Itaru Honma
From basic research on firefly bioluminescence to Product Realization Research
[PDF:1.2MB]



− Production of a multigene expression kit based on bioluminescent proteins −
In the postgenome era, biological network analysis has become essential for elucidating animal physiology. We have developed a revolutionary tricolor reporter in vitro assay system that can be utilized for detailed analysis of a biological network. Biolum Yoshihiro Ohmiya,
et al.
Development of clay-based-film
[PDF:827KB]



− A Full Research scenario from a viewpoint of encounter −
An example of Full Research in the development of clay-based-film is introduced. Clay is eco-friendly, and it exists abundantly in Japan. Clay-based-films can be used as heat resistant gas barrier materials that in turn contribute to the development of a Takeo Ebina
Development of a risk assessment system for soil contamination and the application to the social system
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Processes in Synthesiology for practicing an advanced environmental risk management −
In developing risk assessment technology for soil contamination, it is essential to carry out a wide range of fundamental research and to synthesize the results into a single system. We have carried out an integrated research project for a comprehensive r Takeshi Komai,
et al.
Development and application of photocatalytic technology
[PDF:1.7MB]



− Industrialization of sustainable eco-technology −
Photocatalysts are capable of decomposing organic compounds such as toxic and bioresistant pollutants into non toxic gases in the presence of light. Material development and application of a number of photocatalysts have been carried out taking into consi Hiroshi Taoda
Is an angular standard necessary for rotary encoders?
[PDF:1.1MB]



− Development of a rotary encoder that enables visualization of angle deviation −
A rotary encoder is an angular readout device that reads an optical pattern written on the circumference of a shaft similar to a 360 degrees protractor and outputs angle position information. Since the output of a rotary encoder deviates from the true ang Tsukasa Watanabe
Article Methodology and a discipline for synthetic research
[PDF:938KB]



− What is Synthesiology? −
In the analytical sciences, several formulations of the discipline such as Descartes' discourse, Kuhn's paradigm, and Popper's falsifiability have been attempted, but such discussion has not been done for Synthesiology. The only exception is the series of Hideyuki Nakashima
Vol.1
No.3
Research papers Development of regenerative medical technology working toward practical application
[PDF:672KB]



− Construction of human cell processing system in view of safety for the purpose of clinical application −
Recently, technology of regenerative medicine which utilizes cells after their proliferation and differentiation process has drawn attention. In order to utilize the technology for clinical application, safety issue of the process as well as usefulness of Hajime Ohgushi
Development of highly-active hydrodesulfurization catalyst for sulfur-free diesel production
[PDF:829KB]



− Full research from in-house laboratory catalyst to commercial catalyst −
Clean transportation fuels, particularly with significantly reduced sulfur content, are effective in reducing tailpipe emissions and lead to the development of novel high-performance exhaust treatment devices. We have developed a hydrodesulfurization cata Yuji Yoshimura,
et al.
Development of massive synthesis method of organic nanotube toward practical use
[PDF:778KB]



− Integration of molecular design, molecular synthesis and safety assessment for materials having market competitiveness −
Organic nanotubes are hollow fibers formed through the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules in a solvent. Because nanoparticles and proteins can be included within their hollow interiors, such nanotubes can be applied to a wide range of fields. To promo Masumi Asakawa,
et al.
Development of flexible-printable device processing technology
[PDF:965KB]



− For achievement of prosumer electronics −
We have worked on the development of the flexible-printable device processing technology as a processing technology of information terminal device that can make the best use of user's individuality. We have succeeded in the development of several low-temp Toshihide Kamata,
et al.
A new density standard replaced from water
[PDF:843KB]



− Using silicon single-crystals as the top of traceability in density measurement −
Water is conventionally and widely used as a reference standard to measure physical quantities such as the density, volume, internal volume, and concentration. Water is also used as a standard for other physical properties such as the specific heat and su Kenichi Fujii
A rationalization guideline for the utilization of energy and resources considering total manufacturing processes
[PDF:717KB]



− An exergy analysis of aluminum casting processes −
In order to increase manufacture efficiency and lower environmental impact, it is necessary to know the processes of consumption and emission of resource and energy, as the processes span out widely after originating from one process. In this paper, analy Hideki Kita,
et al.
Article Launch of AIST journal Synthesiology
[PDF:335KB]


− Discussion with Japanese researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign −
This paper presents the discussion with Japanese researchers of computer science at the University of Illinois concerning the launch of journal Synthesiology and the underlying philosophy of AIST. Based on questions and comments that were raised in the di Hitoshi Ohsaki,
et al.
Vol.1
No.2
Research papers Creation of seamless geological map of Japan at the scale of 1:200,000 and its distribution through the web
[PDF:1.8MB]



− For maximum accessibility and utilization of geological information −
A seamless geological map with unified legend was created at the scale of 1:200,000 covering the entire Japanese Archipelago. This was accomplished by harmonizing regional geological maps that were compiled in various ages. A research scenario from basic Koji Wakita,
et al.
Development of a small-size cogeneration system using thermoelectric power generation
[PDF:575KB]



− Recovery system of high-temperature waste heat by new thermoelectric oxides −
As energy and environment issues become serious, there is an urgent need to improve efficiency of industrial energy use as well as to alter lifestyles. To realize thermoelectric conversion technology that allows power generation from waste heat, we newly Ryoji Funahashi,
et al.
Realization of a collaboration system for everyone to develop and manage
[PDF:393KB]



− Practices of communication patterns using qwikWeb −
To realize a new collaborative communication system, we propose qwikWeb which has a design philosophy based on communication patterns where a user can easily build a system that matches the group's activity. Adequacy and efficacy of this system were demon Kouichirou Eto,
et al.
Introduction to service engineering
[PDF:448KB]



− A framework for theoretical study of the service engineering −
This paper proposes a framework for a theoretical and systematic study of service engineering. In this framework, primitive service is defined as a person (donor) donates a service to another person (receptor), and the service effect occurs when the recep Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
A systematic analysis of protein interaction networks leading to the drug discovery
[PDF:438KB]



− Development of ultra sensitive mass spectrometry analytical platform −
Inside each cell that constitutes organism, over 100 thousand different types of proteins function for vital biological processes. The proteins form groups and organizations that function as networks. We were able to achieve large-scale protein network an Tohru Natsume,
et al.
The aerosol deposition method
[PDF:1.2MB]



− For production of high performance micro devices with low cost and low energy consumption −
AD (aerosol deposition) method is one of newly developed technologies for spray coating powder materials. It is a revolutionary coating technology in which high-density consolidation of ceramic powder can be obtained at room temperature, without sintering Jun Akedo,
et al.
Interviews Hope for Synthesiology:
[PDF:232KB]



− Discussion with Prof. Lester −
Prof. Lester has outstanding original ideas based on plentiful and profound investigations on the role of the industry and academia in the course of innovation. He emphasizes the importance of interpretive approach where the direction of an issue will be Synthesiology Editorial Board
et al.
The Toyota Motor approach from basic research to product realization
[PDF:151KB]



− Interview with Dr. Umeyama, General Manager, R&D Management Division −
Toyota Motor Corporation is a world-class automotive manufacturer and unquestionably one of the most successful manufacturers in Japan. The company has been introducing new technology to society without being caught in the conventional concept for cars. F Synthesiology Editorial Board,
et al.
Round-table talk Round Table Talk by Reviewers of the New Journal: Reviewing papers in the new style
[PDF:203KB]
Reviewing the Synthesiology papers was exciting but hard task for the reviewers because of the new style unseen in the other scientific journals. A round table talk with the reviewers of Volume 1 No. 1 and 2 issues was held to provide frank comments on Synthesiology Editorial Board
Vol.1
No.1
Preface A journal of original papers of Type Two Basic Research
[PDF:1.7MB]
  Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
Research papers Mass preparation and technological development of an antifreeze protein
[PDF:992KB]



− Toward the practical use of biomolecules −
Antifreeze protein isolated from the blood serum of Arctic and Antarctic fish is an extraordinary biomolecule that binds to ice and preserves cell structure. We recently discovered that Japanese edible fish species also contain an antifreeze protein, and Sakae Tsuda,
et al.
Development and standardization of accessible design technologies that address the needs of senior citizens
[PDF:367KB]



− Product design methodology based on measurements of domestic sounds and hearing characteristics −
With the recent trend of decreased birthrate and increased aging population, design that can be used by as many people as possible including the elderly, or accessible design, has been incorporated in consumer product designs. The authors have developed a Kenji Kurakata,
et al.
A challenge to the low-cost production of highly functional optical elements
[PDF:440KB]



− Fabrication of sub-wavelength periodic structures via glass-imprinting process −
Factors, such as production cost, which impede practical applications of "sub-wavelength optical elements" with periodic structures smaller than light wavelengths, were targeted for alleviation through a combination of advanced Japanese glass molding meth Junji Nishii
A strategic approach for comparing different types of health risks
[PDF:267KB]



− A risk assessment of toluene exposure using quality-adjusted life years −
The issue of social demands must be taken into consideration when developing a methodology for risk assessment of chemical substances. We classified the objectives of risk assessment into the following three categories: (A) to derive reference values, (B) Atsuo Kishimoto
Technologies for the design and retail service of well-fitting eyeglass frames
[PDF:507KB]



− Toward the mass customization business −
The ultimate goal of this research is to realize a mass customization business that enables any consumer to easily obtain a well-fitting product. As the first step towards this goal, an IT-based product recommendation system for eyeglass frames was develo Masaaki Mochimaru,
et al.
Improving the reliability of temperature measurements taken with clinical infrared ear thermometers
[PDF:527KB]



− Design and establishment of a new calibration system traceable to the national standards −
Infrared ear thermometer was developed and rapidly spread in Japan in the late 1990's, but users began to question the reliability of the temperature readings. AIST developed a new national standard for the calibration and conformity assessment of new ear Juntaro Ishii
Article Science and society, or research institution and journal: A historical retrospection
[PDF:263KB]
  Motoyuki Akamatsu,
et al.

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