Vol.5 No.3 2012

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Research paper : International cooperation for the utilization of earth observational data in an integrated manner (K. Iwao)−161−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.5 No.3 (2012) To accomplish international collaboration for integrated use of earth observation data that may contribute to policy and decision-making, it is necessary to establish an infrastructure that enables the common use of observation data and services that are conducted by various organizations for individual purposes. This is called the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Common Infrastructure (GCI). Figure 1 shows the conceptual diagram for GCI.The following three basic elemental technologies are needed for the common infrastructure (CI) system for earth observation data. One is the global earth observation web portal (GWP or WP). WP provides the web interface function that allows the user to use the data and services provided by various organizations. Second is the GEOSS clearing house (CL). CL provides the function that allows global search and utilization of the data and services that are dispersion-managed on the Internet. Third is the component service registry (CSR). CSR is the database to register the earth observation data and services. The system of earth observation information is configured by combining these three components. Figure 2 shows the overall configuration of the use system of earth observation data. As of 2009, the WP and CL that are CI components were separately operated by three organizations including private companies respectively, and the registry was operated by the George Mason University under subcontract of the US Geological Survey (USGS). The users of the world combined the components provided by these organizations and accessed the earth observation data and services.The multiplicity of the WP and CL is desirable from the perspective of system redundancy. However, for WP, there were problems of poor usability such as differences in maneuver and compatible operating systems or browsers, demand for unique plug-ins when using a certain browser, or operational instability unless extremely high spec PC is used. For CL, there were problems of comprehensibility where the existing data may not be reflected in the search result due to difference in search method, or that the data not in the registry may be reflected in the search result. To solve these problems, it was necessary to establish a scheme of international collaboration where the earth observation data would be shared and reflected in various policies. Such a scheme would be composed of both the provider of systems and the decision makers of various fields who are the users.3 Scenario for the integrated use of earth observation dataTo realize the integrated use of earth observation data, the most important issue was to create a common infrastructure (CI) that allowed the integrated use of various data and services provided by various earth observation organizations around the world.There are currently enormous quantities and volumes of earth observation data and model results. For example, AIST has an archive of data gathered by an earth observation device called the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER), and the number and volume Fig. 1 Role of GCI in the integrated use of information and servicesA system that supports the utilization of scientific findings in the policy-making of various fields, through the international collaboration of earth observation information and servicesFig. 2 Configuration of standardized CI and access to data serviceThe main components of the CI are web portal, clearinghouse, and component service registry. The actual component (data) and services are dispersion-managed and operated by individual institutes.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!GCIHealthEcologyAgricultureWaterEnergyDisasterWeatherClimateBiodiversityOutlet ‒ Contribution to policyEarth observation data serviceService+Warning, prediction+Processing…Modeling resultScenarioWeather satelliteEarth observation satellite Seafaring vessel observation +BuoyAircraft observation★in-situ observationDecision-making supportUnregistered dataEarth observation dataUserDispersion-managed earth observation data serviceGCIServiceComponent service registry (meta-data registry)Clearinghouse (search)Web portal (display)

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