Vol.5 No.3 2012

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Research paper : Developing an evaluation system of visually induced motion sickness for safe usage of moving images (H. Ujike)−148−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.5 No.3 (2012) Physiological Engineering, 21 (2009) (in Japanese).[17]A. Tanaka, N. Sugita, M. Yoshizawa, M. Abe and T. Yambe: Interpolation of the subjective score of visually-induced motion sickness by using physiological parameters, Proc. IEEE EMBS 2008, 4595-4596 (2008).[18]Asahi Shimbun: Guideline for eyes-friendly 3D, Asahi Shimbun Kanto Edition, April 10, 2010, Front Page, Morning Ed. (2010) (in Japanese).AuthorHiroyasu UjikeCompleted the doctorate course at the Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1991. Joined the National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology in 1995. Currently, leader of the Multimodality Research Group, Human Technology Research Institute, AIST. Engages in the basic research of motion stereopsis and depth perception based on the psychophysics of vision, and works to diffuse a comfortable image environment by engaging in the R&D for image safety. As part of such activities, the VIMS evaluation system was conducted under joint development with the university and industry people. Also engages in the activities for the international standardization of image safety, such as serving as the chairman of ISO/TC 159 (Ergonomics) /SC 4 (Ergonomics of human-system interaction) /WG 12(Image safety).Discussions with Reviewers1 Overall compositionComment (Hideyuki Nakashima, Future University Hakodate)This paper describes the author’s research scenario clearly. Since the core of the paper is chapter 4 where the content of the research is described, the readers may want to get to that part more quickly. Since chapter 2 is written with a strong wish to obtain the understanding of the image providers because the research is targeted toward them, the paper will be easier to read if you make this point clear with concise descriptions.Answer (Hiroyasu Ujike)Thank you for pointing this out. Since the result of this research is meaningless unless it is used by the image providers who are the end users, chapter 2 became rather long because I wanted to emphasize this point. I made modifications to make it as brief as possible.2 Overall picture of the research scenarioComment (Motoyuki Akamatsu, Human Technology Research Institute, AIST)The goal setting of how you want the VIMS evaluation system to be used in society is stated in subchapter 2.2, and the point is clear as a Synthesiology paper. I think it will help if you add a diagram that shows the positioning of the developed system to clarify this goal setting for the reader. Also, as an evaluation of the result of the R&D, please describe any example where this evaluation system was used to improve some results.Also, please write the evaluations from the users’ side, like voices from the image providers that they want to try this system.Answer (Hiroyasu Ujike)I added Fig. 1 corresponding to the text of subchapter 2.2. For the results, I received numerous voices saying they want to try the system in the sessions where we presented the system, and I added this to the final paragraph of subchapter 2.2. The examples of actual improvements using the evaluation system are expected to occur in the future.3 Factors of sicknessQuestion (Motoyuki Akamatsu)Please state how each factor causes sickness under what conditions (such as frequency and size) for the factors shown in Table 1. Also, what is the degree of effect when compared to the global motion?Answer (Hiroyasu Ujike)For the conditions where the factors in Table 1 are likely to cause sickness, the degree of effect of the factors for visual global motion is not easy to answer because of the following points:1.While the visual global motion is the factor (primary factor) that may trigger sickness due to its presence, basically, other factors are secondary factors that amplify or reduce the sickness that is occurring. The comparison is difficult since the quality of the effect on sickness is different.2.For the secondary factors, the comparison is difficult since basically the units of parameters are different, such as the luminosity of the screen (unit: cd/m2) and size of the field of vision (unit: deg2).Therefore, I shall describe the outline of the effect of major factors based on the findings we obtained and the reports available so far. Since individual difference is great for VIMS, please note the following description assumes a typical observer.•Visual global motion: In the rotation in the three axes, it is known that the effect of roll is relatively great. However, in the rotation in one direction, the effect is largest at speed 30~70 deg/s in all rotations. In reciprocating oscillation, while there is some dependency on temporal frequency and amplitude, the speed ranges with large effects are different for each three types of rotation.•Binocular stereopsis: The effect on sickness is shown to slightly increase by stereoscopic presentation of images and by adding depth information.•Brightness of images: The degree of sickness is shown to decrease as the brightness of the screen decreases.•Spatial frequency component of images: In the experiment using rotating drum with relatively simple vertical stripe pattern, it is reported that the symptoms of sickness increases by using stripe pattern with certain spatial frequency.•Chromaticity of images: In the rotating drum experiment, it is reported that the sickness symptom increases by using colored patterns under the same brightness condition.•Environmental illumination intensity: It is shown that the degree of sickness decreases when the environment is bright.•Viewing distance and image size: It is shown that the degree of sickness increases as the apparent size of the image increases. However, there are reports that sickness is less likely to occur at a certain size or less (for example, 20 × 15 deg or less), and the degree of sickness is less likely to increase above a certain size (for example, 140 × 90 deg or more).•Sensitivity to motion sickness: It is shown that VIMS is likely to occur in persons who tend to get motion sickness (or travel sickness).•Gender and age: It is reported that women are likely to get motion sickness compared to men, and those in early teens

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