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Research paper : Paleoclimate reconstruction and future forecast based on coral skeletal climatology (A. Suzuki)−86−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.5 No.2 (2012) 69, 4453-4462 (2005).[22]T. Omata, A. Suzuki, T. Sato, K. Minoshima, E. Nomaru, A. Murakami, S. Murayama, H. Kawahata and T. Maruyama: Effect of photosynthetic light dosage on carbon isotope composition in the coral skeleton: Long-term culture of Porites spp., Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, G02014, 15, doi:10.1029/2007JG000431 (2008).[23]C. Shinzato, E. Shoguchi, T. Kawashima, M. Hamada, K. Hisata, M. Tanaka, M. Fujie, M. Fujiwara, R. Koyanagi, T. Ikuta, A. Fujiyama, D. J. Miller, N. Satoh: Using the Acropora digitifera genome to understand coral responses to environmental change, Nature, 476, 320-323, doi:10.1038/nature10249 (2011).[24]A. Suzuki, Y. Yokoyama, H. Kan, K. Minoshima, H. Matsuzaki, N. Hamanaka and H. Kawahata: Identification of 1771 Meiwa Tsunami deposits using a combination of radiocarbon dating and oxygen isotope microprofiling of emerged massive Porites boulders, Quaternary Geochronology, 3, 226-234, doi:10.1016/ j.quageo.2007.12.002 (2008).[25]D. Araoka, M. Inoue, A. Suzuki, Y. Yokoyama, R. L. Edwards, H. Cheng, H. Matsuzaki, H. Kan, N. Shikazono and H. Kawahata: Historic 1771 Meiwa tsunami confirmed by high-resolution U/Th dating of massive Porites coral boulders at Ishigaki Island in the Ryukyus, Japan, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 11, Q06014, 11, doi:10.1029/2009GC002893 (2010).[26]F. J. Millero: History of the equation of state of seawater. Oceanography, 23, 18-33, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.21 (2010).[27]UNESCO: The practical salinity scale 1978 and the international equation of state of seawater 1980, UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science 36, 13-21 (1981).[28]T. J. McDougall, D. R. Jackett and F. J. Millero: An algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity in the global ocean, Ocean Science Discussion, 6, 215-242 (2009).AuthorAtsushi SuzukiWithdrew from the doctorate course at the Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University in 1992. Joined the Marine Geology Department, Geological Survey of Japan, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology in 1992. Obtained Doctor of Science (Tohoku University) in 1995. Worked at the Institute for Marine Resources and Environment, AIST. Leader of the Biogeochemical Cycles Research Group, Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, AIST. Currently, leader of the Marine Geo-Environment Research Group. Specialties are marine geology and biogeochemistry. Has been engaging in the researches for marine carbon cycle and paleoclimate reconstruction using coral skeleton. Currently engages in the research for marine acidification using the culture experiment method.Discussions with Reviewers1 Overall comment (1)Comment (Shigeko Togashi, AIST)This paper evaluates the effect of climate change caused by human activities necessary for the realization of sustainable society. To increase the prediction precision of the future, the paper shows that breakthroughs occur by the introduction of new geochemical indices in the analysis of past climate change left in the coral skeletons. The future direction is stated, and I think it is appropriate as a Synthesiology paper.Please provide a diagram of outline that shows other topics in paleoclimatology addressed in IPCC, and indicate where the coral skeleton research is positioned in that realm. I also think you should clarify the relationships between the factors of climate change and the indices that comprise the elemental technologies to analyze those factors.Answer (Atsushi Suzuki)I added Fig. 2 to explain the various subjects used in the paleoclimate reconstruction and the positioning of the coral skeleton research. I also summarized the research materials and analysis methods used in paleoclimate reconstruction, other than those concerned with coral skeletons. I presented the reconstructed map of temperature (seawater temperature) for the entire targeted geologic time, and attempted to present the overall trend.2 Overall comment (2)Comment (Koh Naito, Center for Service Research, AIST)This paper presents a synthetic approach that attempts a multifaceted modeling of a complex natural phenomenon by combining the data of careful chemical analysis. This approach is new, and in particular, the attempts to understand quantitatively the natural phenomenon, which used to be modeled qualitatively, was only started in the 1990s. I think this approach is expected to contribute greatly to the future society. In that sense, this area of study is highly interesting to the researchers and practitioners outside the geoscience field. Therefore, your effort of trying to use as few technical terms as possible greatly helps the readers.In that sense, please create a table that provides supplementary explanation for the geologic time categories such as “Pliocene,” “Holocene,” “Mesozoic,” “Jurassic,” or “Little Ice Age,” to enhance understanding by the readers outside the field.Answer (Atsushi Suzuki)For the geological time category, I created a terminology section at the end of the paper to provide supplementary explanation. I added the descriptions in the text for “Little Ice Age,” “Holocene,” “Pliocene,” and “Mesozoic.”3 Composition as a Synthesiology paperComment (Koh Naito)To enhance overall understanding, I recommend that you create a single diagram that shows what the data used in the paper mean and their correlations, and add this to the end of the paper. Although the reader can understood the points as one reads through the paper, it will help the reader outside the field to read through and then review the overall argument and structure using such a diagram at the end.Answer (Atsushi Suzuki)I added new diagrams in the revision.Figure 11 is an attempt to present the meaning and interpretation as well as the correlations of the data of the three studies addressed in the paper, “Near past climate change of Ishigaki and Ogasawara reconstructed from coral skeleton,” “Reconstruction of El Niño by fossil corals from the Pliocene Warm Period,” and “Coral bleaching by abnormally high seawater

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