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Research paper : Integrated development of automotive navigation and route guidance system (H. Ito )−170−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.4 No.3 (2012) R. French: Automobile navigation in the past, present and future, http://mapcontext.com/autocarto/ proceedings/auto-carto-8/pdf/automobile-navigation-in- the-past-present-and-future.pdf.H. Ikeda, Y. Kobayashi and K. Hirano: How car navigation systems have been put to practical use, Synthesiology, 3(4), 292-300 (2010) (in Japanese) (Synthesiology English edition,3(4),280-289 (2011)).H. Ito: Brief history of onboard navigation and route guidance system, Proc. of Symposium on Mobile interactions and navigation, 61-66 (2002) (in Japanese).K. Kozuka: The present and future of ITS in Japan, the U.S. and Europe, R&D Review of Toyota CRDL, 33 (3), 53-68 (1998) (in Japanese).J. Michion (ed): Generic Intelligent Driver Support, Taloy & Francis (1993).M. Akamatsu, M. Yoshioka, N, Imacho, T. Daimon and H. Kawashima: Analysis of driving a car with a navigation system in an urban area, Ergonomics and Safety of Intelligent Driver Interfaces, I. Noy (ed), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 85-86 (1997).M. Akamatsu: Japanese approaches to principles, codes, guidelines and checklists for in-vehicle HMI, Driver Distraction Theory, Effects, and Mitigation, ed. M. Regan, J. Lee and K. Young, CRC Press, 425-443 (2009).Estimated from data published by JEITA etc. (in Japanese).H. Ujike: Developing an evaluation system of visually induced motion sickness for safe usage of moving images, Synthesiology, 3(3), 180-189 (2010) (in Japanese).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]ReferencesAuthorHajime ItoCompleted the master’s course in Applied Physics at the Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University in 1971. Joined Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc. in 1971, and engaged in research of on-board millimeter-wave radar. Transferred to Toyota Motor Company (currently Toyota Motor Corporation) in 1973, and worked on the development of predictive collision radar for Experimental Safety Vehicle. Led the design for new products including Cruise Computer, Electronic Compass, Navicom, auto wiper, Speak Monitor, Back Sonar, digital meter, HUD, Optitron meter, center meter, and others. Leader of Body Section, Research Division 13, Higashi Fuji Lab in 1991, and Deputy general manager of Body Engineering Division 1 in 1993. Dispatched and transferred to Yazaki Corporation in 1998, and engaged in the development of ITS for commercial vehicles. Director of Yazaki Meter Co., Ltd in 2001, and managing director in 2006. Technical advisor of Trust Tech Inc. in 2010. Participated in the ARTS, UTMS, and ASV projects from 1991. International expert of ISO/TC204 and TC22 WG from 1993. First chairman of the Human Interface Subcommittee, Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan; member of TC204 Domestic Technical Committee; official of ITS Japan from 2004; and member, ITS Industry Promotion Study Group, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in 2005.Discussions with Reviewers1 Employment as international standard etc.Question (Akira Kageyama, Innovation Headquarters, AIST)The description from setting of standard to international standardization while placing importance on the human interface issue from the product planning stage is appropriate for Synthesiology. Moreover, international standardization often involves the battle of national interests. Concerning this point, is it possible to indicate how many of the proposals from Japan which commercialized the car navigation as an integrated system for first time in the world were employed as the ISO and other international standards?Answer (Hajime Ito)Thank you for your evaluation. I think car navigation is a product that Japan can be proud of. It excels not only in electronic and communication technologies, but it was created by the wonderful fusion of individuals, companies, government ministries and agencies, organizations, and committees. At the ISO/TC22/SC13/WG8, the working group for standardization to which you refer to in your question, the theme for which over five countries pledged cooperation was placed on the table. Then, the presidency holder created a place for discussion, and each country added modifications. Since all countries except Japan, U.S.A., and Australia were European, we were disadvantaged in number of votes. However logical discussions were carried out under the greater cause of “safe driving”, and Japan is now recognized as the leading country, through the experimental proofs of the draft in Japan, the cooperation of JAMA, and the legislative actions of the ministries. As a result, the message priority and warning integration proposed by Japan became the standard. Moreover, Japan provided modifications and agreements for the themes of non-Japanese presidency holders such as the occlusion method, and about 10 proposals were standardized as ISO. This means that the Japanese national interests are met, and the ISO is being established under the leadership of Japan with approval of the world in terms of technology. 2 Diffusion of car navigationComment (Koh Naito, Center for Service Research, AIST)In the technological development of car navigation, you discuss in the first half that the open use of the GPS system and the diffusion of electronic map played important roles. On the other hand, the second half is the description of the human factor research and the role of international standardization that are main statements of the author. The fact that the diffusion of the car navigation to the masses started around 1995 fortifies the author’s hypothesis. Therefore, I think the author’s discussion will become more convincing if you describe the number of diffusion of car navigation published by JEITA and the movement toward international standardization. Answer (Hajime Ito)In addition to the technological development and infrastructure preparation such as GPS and VICS, the product power increased through the improved usability and safety guarantees. The efforts of the manufacturers, cooperation of the research institutes and academia, standardized usability, and safety all came together to increase the product power. The product started to spread from the latter half of the 1990s. I added Fig. 2 to chapter 4 to show the increased shipment of navigations.

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