Vol.4 No.3 2012

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Research paper : A novel technology for production of drinking water in emergencies (A. Sonoda)−158−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.4 No.3 (2012) is polluted by nitrate ions and is normally undrinkable, drinkable at times of emergency[2].For the product to be realized, the following goals were set to fulfill the social demand (Fig. 6):1)Price: 2 million yen per system; lower than existing product2)Production capacity: 20 ton drinkable water per system per day; at 3 L per person, for about 6,000 people3)Water quality: comparable level to tap water; clear the 50 items of tap water standardTo achieve these goals, the following targets were set, to be achieved by the end of the project:1)Prototype: production capacity at 1/10 of the production model; 2 ton/day/system2)High-speed processing of over 83 L/hour/system: 20 times or more of the column volume (about 4 L) per hour3)Mobility•Downsizing to suitcase size: can be transported by one person•Combination of 1 m particulate removal filter to counter cryptosporidium, organic material removal column for odor causing substance, etc., and nitrate ion removal column•Energy saving: manually powered, requires no power source such as electricity or engine, low noise•Operability: easy maintenance by simple principle and unitization4)Nitrate ion removal: technological development to achieve drinking water standard (<10 mg/L)The R&D scenario was as follows: AIST would reproduce the adsorption volume and selectivity functions of the “nitrate ion selective adsorbent reagent”, for which the AIST owns the patent, as the elemental technology (Fig. 3); Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. would establish the mass production technology; and Teijin Engineering Ltd. would deploy the contactless supporting and shaping technology (Figs. 4 and 5) to manufacture the adsorbent material that will remove the nitrate ion while maintaining the function.Teijin Engineering Ltd. was also looking at the greater market of functional material for water treatment, as in the powder activated carbon, by using the contactless supporting and shaping technology.The emergency water purification system with the two functions, organic substance and nitrate ion removal, and the suitcase size prototype with no power source, manual pump, and unitization became the clear goals under the leadership of Teijin Engineering Ltd. (Fig. 7). Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of contactless supporting and shapingFig. 6 Overview of the elemental technologies and research goalsPorous polymer does not contact the powder adsorbent surface.Powder adsorbent reagentPorePorous polymer matrixResearch goals1.7 mmol/gAdsorption capacity :4 Mg-AI LDHMass production 10 kg scale80 % or more of powder performanceFiber shapingPrice: 2 million yen/unitIn practical useAt end of project・Mass production technology・Particle size control and management technologyFunctional inorganic materialElemental technologies・Nitrate ion selective adsorbent reagent・Technology for selectivity evaluation Ion selective adsorbent agent ・Chemical resistance, stability ・Contactless supporting and shaping ・Organic substance removalFunctional polymer materialDevelopment of technology to achieve standard valueNitrate ion・Downsizing (suitcase size, column about 4 L)・Energy saving (no power, manual)・Operability (unitization)MobilityHigh speed treatment (SV=20)1/10 of actual sizeWater quality: same as tap waterManufacturing capacity: 20 ton/day/unitUser : Local government, etc.Elemental technology, research goal, and scenarioDevelopment of mobile water purification systemTeijin Engineering Ltd.Kyowa ChemicalAISTMaintain functionsReproduce functionsFig. 7 Characteristic of the mobile water purification system and flow diagram Mobile water purification systemCharacteristics・Mobile・Easy maintenance・Expandable・Low noiseHead differenceWater purificationRaw waterChloride sterilizationHarmful ion removal columnOrganic substance removal column(1 µm)(50 µm)Particle removal filterStorage tankGuard filter4.2 L (SV=20 /h)

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