Vol.4 No.3 2012

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Research paper : Designing products and services based on understanding human cognitive behavior (M. Akamatsu et al.)−148−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.4 No.3 (2012) thoughtful. After the drive, the pair was shown the video image of the conversation recorded along with the road scenes (Fig. 1), and the driver was asked to evaluate whether the provided information was thoughtful. Also, what points were useful and if not where lay the problem were extracted through the retrospective interview. The passenger learned what the driver considered useful, and the second driving trip was conducted. The same process was done after the second trip. The findings obtained from other pairs were shared to see the points that were perceived as being thoughtful, and the third driving trip was done. The driver and the passenger changed places and the same procedure was applied. They could learn what was the thoughtful information from both standpoints. By using the elite monitor who knew the route, knew each other well, and knew what information pleased the driver, we were able to clarify the information provision for somewhat ideal driving assistance[15].The dialog contents extracted in this process were categorized into ones for road guidance such as need of right or left turns, safe and smooth driving, information about the facilities and sightseeing points to enjoy the area, and others. For each information provided, the content, the provision method of timing and ways of instruction, the situation of the road such as the width, and whether the driver’s workload was high or not were described (Table 1). These were the critical parameters since they influenced whether the provided information was perceived as thoughtful or not. Of the extracted information, the information that was perceived as thoughtful was categorized into those that corrected the driving action, those that assisted or enhanced the driving action, and others (Table 2). For example, the correction of driving action is information provided when the passenger thinks that a certain driving action is necessary for the driver in the current situation (for example, early lane change or something that will make driving easier later), but the driver may not take that action. If the information is provided at an appropriate timing such as after passing through the intersection and the traffic flow becomes smooth, it is perceived to be thoughtful advice. Through this study we were able to clarify the structure of the provision of thoughtful information. 4.2 Growth stage of a baseball fanThe method to study the thoughtful information provision in driving involves setting the scenario of taking a trip to an unknown destination and training (or nurturing) the elite monitor. This is called the scenario-oriented CCE. In contrast, the approach involving the observation of people in their daily situations without a scenario is called the non-scenario oriented CCE. As an example, we describe the application to the study of spectator behavior at a baseball game.Table 2. Motivation for information provision by the passengerTable 1. Attributes to describe the provided informationFig. 1 Monitors during the driving tripAttributeExplanationValue Provided contentInformation provided by verbalizationSpecific contentProvision methodInformation communication methodTiming, instruction methodRoad situationRoad situation during verbalizationRoad width, speed, etc.Driver’s conditionDriver’s condition during verbalizationDriving workload, assumed knowledgeCorrection of driving actionAssistance of driving actionAddition of supplementary informationThe passenger thinks that a certain driving action is necessary for the driver to drive in the current situation, but thinks that the driver is not likely to take the action.The passenger thinks that a certain driving action is necessary for the driver to drive in the current situation, and thinks that the driver is likely to take the action, and the driving action will be encouraged if the information is given.The passenger thinks that the driving satisfaction will increase if the driver is given some information in the current situation.

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