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Research paper : Formation of research strategy and synthetic research evaluation based on the strategy (N. Kobayashi et al.)−30−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.4 No.1 (2011) NotesNote 1) This project supports the series of activities for the research, development, and practical implementation of clean energy, led by Secretary Steven Chu of the U.S. Department of Energy in December 2009.Note 2) This strategy was set for the establishment of Framework Program 7 (FP7), an R&D program for the entire EU started in 2007. It was declared at the Council of European Union at Lisbon in 2000.Note 3) The strategy (basic policy) of Japan was approved by the Cabinet in June 2010. The policy emphasizes green innovation and life innovation as the growth field in which the strength of Japan can be applied.Note 4) Deduction derives the result (this fruit is delicious) from the rule (an apple is delicious) and the fact (this fruit is an apple). Induction derives the rule (an apple is delicious) from the fact (this fruit is an apple) and the result (this fruit is delicious). Abduction is a method to infer the fact (this fruit is an apple) from the rule (an apple is delicious) and the result evaluation based on them, the extraction of the value of research, the evolution of research, the source of motivation for the researchers, and the fulfillment of accountability can be performed effectively.It would be very significant if the research program evolves through the research strategy formation and the synthetic evaluation proposed in this paper, and then heads toward a new development.AcknowledgementsTo perform this research and to write this paper, we have received great support from the staff of the Evaluation Department, AIST. The central concept of this research is based upon the knowledge and experience in the research unit evaluation performed by the Evaluation Department over nine years, since AIST was reorganized as an independent administrative agency, after the integration of the former Agency of Industrial Science and Technology. We are deeply grateful to Dr. Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, former President of AIST (currently Grand Emeritus Advisor, AIST; Director-General of The Center for Research and Development Strategy, Japan Science and Technology Agency), who provided valuable insight on abduction and synthetic evaluation as well as continuous support. We are also thankful to the staff of the Science and Technology Promotion Bureau of Nagasaki Prefectural Government and the Ceramics Research Center of Nagasaki who created the logic model for the role of public research institutes in Nagasaki prefecture etc..(this fruit is delicious). While the deductive inference has a logical structure not dependent on the content, the inductive inference has logic based on several specifics and experiences. Abduction is weaker in logic, and therefore various limitations are set in the conditions by which inferences are made. Yet unlike induction and deduction, abduction is a method with great inference potential. Historically, the discovery of the universal gravitation by Sir Isaac Newton and the elliptical orbit of heavenly bodies by Johannes Kepler are considered typical examples of abduction[11].TerminologiesTerm 1. Term 2.Term 3.Deduction, induction, and abduction: Deduction or deductive inference is “to logically derive the true conclusion from the true assumption only through inference without considering the content of inference”. Induction or inductive inference is “to derive a general proposition or law from individual specific facts”. On the other hand, abduction or abductive inference is the third way of inference proposed by an American philosopher C. S. Peirce (1839~1914)[11]-[13], and it is “to derive the individual fact from a certain result and the proposition or law that may cause that result”.Logic model: The logic model is a tool developed to visualize the scenario that is an important element in the strategy formation, to clarify the logical linkage by which the research program achieves its goal. It is employed when the American agencies apply for financing to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). To write the scenario, an issue is broken down into resource, R&D, output, customer, short-term outcome, mid-term outcome, and long-term outcome. Then, starting from the long-term outcome of the program, the direct outcome that will be produced when the customer receives the result of the R&D is clarified, and the target of the R&D must be spelled out. The logic model is a tool to summarize this process into one big picture[4][5][23][24].Type 1 Basic Research, Type 2 Basic Research, Product Realization Research: According to the definition by Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, Type 1 Basic Research is the research to analyze the unknown phenomenon through observation, experiment, and theoretical calculation to establish universal principles and theories. Type 2 Basic Research is the research to realize a social value by integrating the knowledge of multiple disciplines, and it also includes research that derives a generalized methodology. Product Realization Research is a research that uses the result and knowledge obtained from Type 1 Basic Research and Type 2 Basic Research and the actual experience to realize the use of the new technology in society[8][9].

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