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Research paper : Formation of research strategy and synthetic research evaluation based on the strategy (N. Kobayashi et al.)−26−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.4 No.1 (2011) industries, and journalism, and internal members (about two chief evaluation officers from the Evaluation Department), to evaluate the roadmap and output, and the adequacy and appropriateness of the management. At the Evaluation Committee of FY 2008 (the fourth year of the five-year Second Mid-term Research Goal Period), there were positive comments for the roadmap such as “clear” and “shows advantages”, and the research plan was judged to be appropriate. However, some members requested “clarification of the positioning in the overall roadmap” and “clarification of the milestone”[20]. For output, “discovery of new peptide through original molecular evolution technology”, “results for the unique bioactive peptides such as ant and spider toxins”, and “development of signaling substance receptor ligand sensor” were highly evaluated as new technologies that could be utilized for clinical application and as analysis tools for neurological function.As other examples, the heads of research units including the Nanoarchitectonics Research Center and the Correlated Electron Research Center have reported that they obtained beneficial indications and guidance for the research unit activities from the evaluation from the viewpoint of outcome. The details are described in Reference [21]. In the former case, a clear scenario was written by focusing on the viewpoint of outcome, and the opinions of the evaluation committee members helped establish the strategic R&D plan. In the latter case, the task of forming a roadmap in Type 1 Basic Research helped to build the logical framework for the research progress, and it was deemed appropriate to set the “construction of new theory” as one of the outcomes. More beneficial results are expected through synthetic research evaluation in the future.5.1.3 Phase evolution of the R&D and reflection of the synthetic research evaluationFigure 9 shows the modeling of the above case from the perspective of phase evolution of the R&D. In practice, the R&Ds with different phases such as the “search of biomarker”, “sensor development”, and “application to diagnostic technology” progressed concurrently at different temporal development. The R&D topics can be modeled as the cycle of “accumulation of knowledge”, “accumulation of elemental technologies”, and “accumulation of product realization technology”. The key technology linked the R&Ds of different phases, and the quality of this technology greatly influenced the level of R&Ds that developed in the new phase. For the movement between the phases, the fusion of technology through collaboration with the external parties (external knowledge, elemental technology, use of product realization technology, etc.) became the important management items in outcome creation. In the evaluation from the viewpoint of outcome, it is necessary to aptly grasp the overall picture of the R&D and the result, and to have an integrated evaluation of the results with different qualities. It is also important to perform evaluation from the perspective of the adequacy and effectiveness of the overall composition of the R&D, as well as the effectiveness of the management to smoothly turn the R&D cycle of different phases.In the evaluation at AIST as shown above, the synthetic research evaluation is being employed as a result, but there are still issues in the research evaluation based on the research strategy which is one of the major characteristics. Particularly, to evaluate the R&Ds at AIST in general, it is necessary to have a fine formation of the research strategy and the synthetic evaluation based on the comparison with the strategy. The issues that must be solved include: 1) the clarification of the final goal of the research strategy and the scenario to get to the goal, and the clarification and the evaluation axis (XYZ axes) based on the comparison; 2) the matching of the evaluation from the bottom-up perspective (inductive evaluation from the viewpoint of outcome for the result) and the evaluation from the top-down perspective (setting of the topic from target to the issue and the deductive evaluation of the roadmap); 3) the clarification of the correlation between the different phases; and 4) the clarification of the evaluation method on the phase axis (Z-axis) considering the characteristics of the research (such as basic, industrial application, policy, etc.). These are related Fig. 8 Roadmap for the research of biomarker for brain cell functional molecule Narrow downdruggabletargetNarrow downdruggabletargetAssessment of cellular functionBiomarker protein chipBiomarker expressing cell arrayScreening and identificationBiomarker Target Ion channel and receptorNeuronal differentiation factorCell growth proliferation factorTranscription factorDNA/RNA array for neural differentiationCharacterizationFunctional improvement(Specificity, affinity, down sizing)BiomarkerNanosensorBiomarkerNanosensorMolecule modeling, visualizationHT analysis of molecular interactionEvaluation device for integrated physiological function evaluation deviceSensor equipped DDS with autonomous diagnosis and drug administration functionsDrug efficacy and risk diagnosisLow-molecular-weight drugs Analysis of functional networks of gene/protein expressionDevelopment of chip, array, and sensor for biomarkerDisease risk diagnosisDiagnosis and prevention of diseaseApplicationTechnological transfer(joint research)Technological developmentat AISTSecond Med-Term PlanFirst Med-Term PlanTechnological topics (targets)2020201220102008200620042002Ion channel and receptorReconstitution ofartificial membraneIon channel and receptorReconstitution ofartificial membraneFig. 9 Phase evolution of R&D and reflection of synthetic evaluation 【Evaluation】・Disease risk diagnosis・Low-molecular-weight drugs・Autonomous diagnosis and drug administration system, etc.・DNA/RNA array for neural differentiation・Cell array, etc.・Neuronal differentiation factor・Ion channel, etc.External product realization technologyExternal elemental technologyExternal knowledgeKey technology (biochip evaluation device)Key technology (cerebral disease biomarker)・Relevance of overall synthesis・Relevance of roadmap・Quality of output・Quality of key technology・Level of achievement of knowledge and technology・Potential for product realization・Effectiveness of management【Accumulation of product realization technology】【Accumulation of elemental technology】【Accumulation of knowledge】Product (diagnostic device)People, budget, infrastructureProduct realization technology gainProduct realization technology synthesisElemental technology gainElementaltechnologysynthesisKnowledgegainHypothesisDesign, verificationHypothesisDesign,verificationKnowledgesynthesisPeople, budget, infrastructurePeople, budget, infrastructureHypothesisDesign,verification

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