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Research paper−280−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.3 No.4 pp.280-289 (Mar. 2011) Cima. This can be said to represent the first practical NAVS in that it displayed the vehicle location on a road map. This paper reviews the NAVS research and development process at Sumitomo Electric and explains key points and difficulties in making a NAVS practical.2 Road information digitization technology as the foundation for NAVSThe NAVS is a system that displays your vehicle location on a map, suggests a route that leads to your destination along roads on the map, and displays traffic jam conditions. Therefore, to create the complete system, the onboard equipment itself is not sufficient without the development of information technology as part of the road infrastructure. Notably, Japan developed that infrastructure early on.In Ginza, Tokyo in 1966, traffic management system demonstration tests were conducted, connecting traffic signals and vehicle detectors online and using a computer to detect the traffic and controlling traffic signals[2]. The system proved itself to be effective and was put into practical use. The challenge was to find a way to prevent the rapid increase in traffic accidents and ease traffic jams. In 1973, the then Ministry of International Trade and Industry conducted an experiment using the Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control System[3] (CACS). In this test, coils were installed under the road at intersections, and as vehicles passed through intersections they received guidance radio waves and routes were displayed on onboard equipment to avoid 1 IntroductionIn recent years, many automobiles come with a NAVS as a standard feature, even in rental cars and taxis. One of the authors stayed in Germany four years ago and could drive in unfamiliar areas at will without using a map book, because the car he drove had a NAVS. The author did not see a turn-by-turn system simply indicating the next direction on the display, which European engineers had advocated at first. Instead, all the NAVS units were Japanese-style map navigation systems.The very first navigation system was the south pointing chariot said to be invented by the Yellow Emperor of Yin as related in the Abridged Eighteen Histories of China. Centuries later, Honda created a NAVS using a gas rate gyro in 1981. It incorporated a map on a transparent sheet and projected the vehicle’s location onto the sheet[1]. Honda’s NAVS was followed by some subsequent devices that indicated the route to take based on terrestrial magnetic field. The contemporary NAVS began when Toyota mounted a unit on the Crown that indicated the vehicle’s location on a map shown on a display device. This NAVS calculated the cumulative moving distance based on the magnetic field and on a speed sensor output. Although the vehicle location calculated by this NAVS gradually deviated from the true location, this system sparked off a trend towards vehicles provided with NAVS. Toyota’s system used a small-scale 1:50000 map (1 cm on the map being equal to 500 m on the ground). In 1989, a NAVS developed by Sumitomo Electric was mounted on the Nissan - Development management and commercialization process-Hirosaka Ikeda1*, Yoshinobu Kobayashi2 and Kazuo Hirano31. Innovation Training Program Center for R&D and Business Leaders of Kyushu University Sozo Pavilion 1F, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan *E-mail : , 2. AutoNetworks Technologies, Ltd. 1-14 Nishi-Suehirocho, Yokkaichi 510-8503, Japan, 3. Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. 4-5-33 Kitahama, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0041, JapanOriginal manuscript received June 30, 2010, Revisions received August 26, 2010, Accepted August 30, 2010 Japanese manufacturers have played key roles in developing practical vehicle navigation systems (hereinafter “NAVS”). The NAVS have spread throughout the world and have become extremely useful. The market size in Japan alone is considered to exceed 5 hundred billion yen a year. This system could not have been achieved without the development of a scheme to create a nationwide digital road map, subsequent map creation, methodology to provide traffic information to vehicles, GPS development and its utilization in the United States. Much effort has been directed toward laying down infrastructure comprising these factors. Furthermore, it has been also necessary to develop the required software and hardware for the NAVS including location detection techniques such as map-matching, gyro sensors, displays, memory and microprocessors. The NAVS are presently evolving as onboard information communication systems. This paper describes their development and commercialization, which started even before the requisites for the NAVS developed fully, from a development management perspective.How car navigation systems have been put into practical useKeywords : Car navigation system, map database, map-matching, gyro sensor, route guidance, VICS, GPS[Translation from Synthesiology, Vol.3, No.4, p.292-300 (2010)]

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