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Research paper : Investigation of the distribution of elements of the whole of Japan and their applications (N. Imai)−276−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.3 No.4 (2011) facilities of municipalities and plants of companies. It is very effective as a preliminary check for additional detailed surveys of pollution. As described previously in 2.1, it is important to compare the measured concentrations with natural background levels. Then the environmental base line level can be known when the soil pollution is examined. If there are mineral deposits or hot springs in surrounding areas which have high natural background levels of elements, then it is necessary to distinguish anthropogenic pollution from these natural factors. Because the geochemical map represents the natural background level, the environmental pollution can be evaluated through comparison with the map as background. Such data are useful as base data to prevent the spread of pollution locally and nationally, and to produce appropriate policies of pollution control and remediation. A risk assessment of the location of a factory using a geochemical map enables us to reduce soil pollution assessment costs.As described above, because all data of the geochemical map are fundamentally open to the public, various users propose different uses that we had not considered. For example, a joint research project with the Institute of Police Science was made to study the possibility of identifying the sources of soil using the database of the geochemical map of the whole country at present. We also hope that the data of the geochemical map will be useful for other socially beneficial tasks in the future.Currently, we are compiling a soil geochemical map using about 3000 soil samples collected from throughout the country. We will apply a geochemical map to elucidate the distribution and the diffusion processes of elements in crust’s surface, and will develop an evaluation system of toxic elements for environmental pollution that incorporates land, river, and sea areas. We also want to integrate various data such as those related to geology, geography, pollution, and social data to investigate environmental pollution in the future.S. Enomoto, E. Ohtani, K. Inoue and A. Suzuki: Neoutrino geophysics with KamLAND and future prospects, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 258, 147-159 (2007).N. Imai, S. Terashima, A. Ohta, M. Ujiie-Mikoshiba, T. Okai, Y. Tachibana, S. Togashi, Y. Matsuhisa, Y. Kanai, H. Kamioka and M. Taniguhci: Geochemical map of Japan, Geological Survey of Japan, 210 (2004).N. Imai, S. Terashima, A. Ohta, M. Ujiie-Mikoshiba, T. Okai, Y. Tachibana, K. Ikehara, H. Katayama, A. Noda, S. Togashi, Y. Matsuhisa, Y. Kanai and H. Kamioka: Geochemical map of land and sea of Japan, Geological Survey of Japan, 207 (2010).J. S. Webb, I. Thornton, M. Thompson, R. J. Howarth and P. L. Lowenstein: The Wolfson Geochemical Atlas of England and Wales, ClarendonPress, Oxford, 69 (1978). R. Salminen, W. De Vos and T. Tarvainen: Geochemical Atlas of Europe, Part 1 and 2, EuroGeoSurveys (http://www.gtk.fi/publ/foregsatlas/) (2005,2006).[1][2][3][4][5]References[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]K. Yamamoto, T. Tanaka, M. Minami, K. Mimura, Y. Asahara, H. Yoshida, S. Yogo, M. Takeuchi and M. Inayoshi: Geochemical mapping in Aichi prefecture, Japan: Its significance as a useful dataset for geological mapping, Applied Geochemistry, 22, 306-319 (2007).K. Aoki, T. Shindo, H. Kusuno and T. Fukuoka: The future prospect for the geochemical mapping projects and manual of a stream sediment geochemical survey, Chikyu Kankyo Kenkyu, 11, 227-238 (2009) (in Japanese).K. Suga and K. Kurosawa: Hokkaido chuobu ni okeru dojo genso no chikyu kagakuzu (Geochemical maps of 16 elements in soils on the central Hokkaido), Hokkaidoritsu Chikashigen Chosasho Chosa Kenkyu Hokoku (Special reports) 26, Geological Survey of Hokkaido, 39 (1996). T. Seki, K. Yamaguchi, Y. Noumi, M. Asada, T. Matsuda and J. Takada: Geochemical characteristics of sediments from the Takahasi river at Okayama prefecture, KURRI Progress Report, 1999, 111 (2000) (Geochemical map in Okayama Prefecture http://www.big.ous.ac.jp/~seki/kagakuzu/a.htm).S. Itho, K. Shibata, T. Tanaka, K. Uto, A. Ando, S. Terashima, N. Imai, Y. Kanai and R. Sakamoto: Chikyu kagakuzu ni yoru genso no bakkuguraundo to jin’i osen no hyoka gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu (Geochemical map project for evaluation of the distribution of heavy metals in natural background level), Reports of Research Project of Environmental Pollution, 82-1~82-17, Environment Agency (1985) (in Japanese).S. Itho, H. Kamioka, T. Tanaka, S. Togashi, N. Imai, Y. Kanai, S. Terashima, K. Uto, T. Okai, M. Ujiie, K. Shibata, M. Kamitani, K. Sato, R. Sakamoto and A. Ando: Chikyu Kagaku Atorasu –Kita Kanto (Geochemical Atlas of Japan –North Kanto Area–), Geological Survey of Japan, 35 (1991). N. Imai, T. Okai, H. Endo, Y. Taguchi, T. Ishii and H. Kamioka: Geochemical map around Sendai city, Chishitsu News, 513, 26-30 (1997) (in Japanese).N. Imai, T. Okai, H. Endo, Y. Taguchi, T. Ishii and H. Kamioka: Geochemical map around Yamagata City, Atlas of Environmental Geology, Geological Survey of Japan, 37-40 (2000).N. Imai, S. Terashima, H. Katayama, K. Nakajima, K. Ikehara and M. Taniguchi: Geochemical behavior of heavy metals in coastal marine sediments from the eastern margin of the Japan sea, Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan, 48, 511-529 (1997).N. Imai, S. Terashima, A. Ohta, M. Ujiie-Mikoshiba and Y. Tachibana: Environmental Prize, Geochemical map of Japan for environmental assessment, The Hitach Environment Foundation (2005).M. Ujiie-Mikoshiba, N. Imai, S. Terashima, Y. Tachibana and T. Okai: Geochemical mapping in northern Honshu, Japan, Applied Geochemistry, 21-3, 492-514 (2006).A. Ohta, N. Imai, S. Terashima, Y. Tachibana, K. Ikehara and T. Nakajima: Geochemical mapping in Hokuriku, Japan: Influence of surface geology, mineral occurrences and mass movement from terrestrial to marine environments, Applied Geochemistry, 19, 1453-1469 (2004).A. Ohta, N. Imai, S. Terashima and Y. Tachibana: Application of multielement statistical analysis for regional geochemical mapping in Central Japan, Applied Geochemistry, 20, 1017-1037 (2005).A. Ohta, N. Imai, S. Terashima and Y. Tachibana: Influence of surface geology and mineral deposit to spatial distributions of elemental concentrations in stream sediments in Hokkaido, Japan, J. Geochemical Exploration, 86, 86-103 (2005).S. Terashima, N. Imai, Y. Tachibana, T. Okai, M. Ujiie-Mikoshiba, A. Ohta and R. Kubota: Chemical composition

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