Vol.3 No.2 2010

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Research paper : Cyber Assist project as service science (H. Nakashima et al.)−123−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.3 No.2 (2010) and “Basic and element technologies should be developed at research institutes and bridges to commercial products should be built by research centers” (section 7.2). Those are not official views of AIST. The current website of AIST (http://www.aist.go.jp/aist_j/field/index.html) states “Research Institute: Institutes continuously conduct research to achieve the missions and medium- and long-term strategies of AIST based on scenarios defined by research unit heads and research themes defined by the initiatives of researchers. Research Center: Originating from an institute or as a response to social needs, research centers intensively conduct research for a period of three to seven years under the strong leadership of research unit heads to swiftly produce technologies and knowledge to solve specific issues.”Answer (Hideyuki Nakashima)In my personal understanding, the Full Research concept proposed by Yoshikawa, the president of AIST at the time, is divided into Type 1 = “kagaku” (roughly but not exactly corresponding to “science”), and Type 2 = “kogaku” (roughly but not exactly corresponding to “engineering”). His statement that the traditional research is Type 1 Basic Research matches the ordinary usage of basic research as a synonym of kagaku (the website mentioned above contrast them as basic and applied researches). However, since the word usage of “kagaku” and “kogaku” may differ from person to person, they must be defined here. “Kagaku” here refers to the analytic discipline to understand phenomena, and “kogaku” refers to the synthetic discipline to produce phenomena. Honestly, I do not understand the standpoint of “Product Realization Research”, but I guess it refers to the final phase of Type 2 Basic Research.According to my understanding described above, it is natural that research institutes mainly focus on Type 1 Basic Research and research centers on Type 2. Of course those two are not clearly separable. Some researchers may do both types of researches and a single research unit may have both types of researchers. However, the ideal design of units should clearly distinguish them. Defining units by time-scale as mentioned in the AIST website is subsidiary. Product realization period must necessarily be short, but not so by definition.In any case, I managed CARC according to my understanding, and still believe it was the source of our strength that the center focused on Type 2 Basic Research.

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