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Research paper−64−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.3 No.1 pp.64-76 (Jul. 2010) informatics, as technology transfer is nothing but a flow of information.During the 16th century or so-called the Age of Exploration, European people were suddenly exposed to those with totally different cultures and such experiences soon spread out all over. Initially, the dominant view was that the differences in culture could be explained simply by means of advancement; everything was considered to be in a development process, so either culture was seen to be more advanced or the other was considered to be behind in the development. In the 20th century, however, the study of cultural anthropology and ethnology started, where cultures are studied as evolution in many directions according to regional and historical characteristics; much more delicate argument about differences of cultures was made instead of simple arguments based on advancement and development. It was recognized, as a result, that the difficulty of mutual understanding between people in different cultures lies in different ways of looking at things, rather than the lack of the ability on the side of the “developing culture”. We are now facing a similar cross-cultural exchange in technology transfer; academia and industry just have different cultures and neither culture is more advanced than the other.To see how such cross-cultural exchange happens in modern information processing, consider the first two of the three subjects of clinico-informatics we listed: methods of analysis and improvement of information processing systems. In the study of methodology in general, one inevitably analyzes the situation on site and tries to improve the situation. The scientists and engineers must work together there. Since the information technology nowadays provides basic methods in many technologies, however, the variety of fields of the engineers who deal with the information system on site is 1 Introduction: clinico-informaticsAnyone involved in informatics would naturally be led to the study to reduce risks related to information processing by applying results of the study in informatics. There are three principal subjects of study to that end:1. methods to analyze the situation in the field (which corresponds to diagnosis in medicine,)2. methods to improve the situation in the field (which corresponds to therapy in medicine) and3. methods to propagate the technologies.The methods in 3 are methods to propagate methods, so it is in a sense of a different level to that of 1 and 2. It corresponds to the activities in clinical medicine where the results of research are conveyed to medical practitioners for use in their own therapy, where medical associations and other organizations play important roles. Because of this analogy, we shall call the study, clinico-informatics, the study about information processing which aims at these three subjects. We borrow the word “clinico-” or “clinical” from clinical medicine. We emphasize that clinico-informatics does not mean a branch of informatics which is applied in clinical medicine. Rather, by clinico-informatics we mean the study of therapies of information systems which corresponds to clinical medicine which is a study of therapies of human beings.Therefore, technology transfer is one of the three subjects of clinico-informatics study. While diagnosis and therapy has natural analogues in medical care, the analogy does not extend so naturally to technology transfer. Technology transfer itself is usually not considered as a subject of clinical medicine. It would, however, naturally be a subject of clinico-- Towards a methodology for technology transfers -Yoshiki Kinoshita*and Toshinori TakaiResearch Center for Verification and Semantics, AIST 5th floor, Mitsui Sumitomo Kaijo Senri Bldg., 1-2-14 Shin-Senri Nishi, Toyonaka 560-0083, Japan (current affiliation: Collaboration Promotion Department AIST Kansai Collaboration Center Collaborative Research Team for Verification, AIST 3-11-46 Nakoji, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0974 Japan)*E-mail : Original manuscript received September 2, 2009, Revisions received November 4, 2009, Accepted November 4, 2009We propose clinico-informatics, as a research field for dealing with risks of information systems based on informatics. In this paper, we consider a model of technology transfer from the authors’ experiences, i.e. transferring verification technology to industry in the various fields which involves information system development. A scenario for technology transfer is proposed with the methodology of field-science and we discuss roles of the techniques used in the scenario, for instance, fieldwork, interviews and participant observation.A field-scientific approach to Clinico-InformaticsKeywords : Clinico-informatics, qualitative research, risk, fieldwork, dependability, formal method, model-checking[Translation from Synthesiology, Vol.3, No.1, p.36-46 (2010)]

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