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Research paper : Development of primary standard for hydrocarbon flow and traceability system of measurement in Japan (T. Shimada et al.)−61−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.3 No.1 (2010) cases where the calibration capacity of Japanese calibration laboratories was surveyed to verify the adequacy of these new calibration technologies. As shown in the result for 2005, the calibration facility that originally had deviations of − 0.05 % ~ + 0.10 % from the national standard significantly improved the calibration capacity to match within ± 0.03 % of the national standard, by calibrating its facility using the flowmeter calibrated by the national standard. Moreover, the values for heavy oil that is out of the range of calibration using the AIST national standard matched ± 0.03 % of the values of the overseas calibration institutes, and this implies that the method for expanding the liquid types, developed for the project, was adequate.We also drafted the Guidelines on the Technological Requirement[13] to technologically support the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) that accredits the calibration labs that receive the national standard. As a result, the number of accredited and registered calibration labs are increasing as a new business.We are also continuing the development of the high-precision flowmeter jointly with flowmeter manufacturers to improve the work efficiency and to reduce the uncertainty arising from the viscosity property of the flowmeter, by applying the expansion technology for liquid types.By dividing the roles with the JCSS calibration labs, the national standard has become a facility with the world’s highest precision level, although in a limited range, and is taking on an important function as a development platform for the flowmeters among the measurement device industry.7 SummaryIn this paper, we discussed the positioning of the national standard for hydrocarbon flow from the perspective of pursuing socially practical application, and reported on the selection process of the calibration method for the national standard of hydrocarbon flow, the elemental technologies to reduce the uncertainty, and the maintenance of safety. We also reported on the adequacy of the national standard and the construction of the traceability system that could be used by the user. Currently, we are providing technical support to calibration labs that wish to register to the JCSS, to achieve efficiency of the precision management of the flowmeters used in practice. There is a movement away from petroleum due to environmental issues, but with the rising prices of petroleum products as exemplified by the recent rise in the crude oil price, further high-precision measurement will be in demand. In the future, it is necessary to design traceability systems for LPG and LNG that are low temperature liquids for which the systems of flow rate standard have not been organized, as well as for highly viscous grade C heavy oil. Since high-performance mass flowmeter is being developed, there is a possibility of a shift from the currently used volume-based trade to mass-based trade. In the future, there are necessities for the establishment of new technological standards, the technological advices for changed regulations, and the improvement of the traceability systems to meet the social demands.AcknowledgementsThe surveys of the technological trend among the flowmeter calibration laboratories and the NMIs of various countries played important roles in this research. These were obtained as the research results of the Hydrocarbon Flow Research Consortium Session, in which the petroleum companies and the flowmeter manufacturers participated, organized by the Japan Measuring Instruments Federation. Also valuable were the cooperations of: the International Accreditation Japan, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation; the Measurement and Intellectual Infrastructure Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; and the Petroleum Refining and Reserve Division, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy.Fig. 6 Deviation from the national standard value (NMIJ).The Re number on the horizontal axis do not match since the flowmeters used in 2005 and 2007 were different. The calibration range of the national standards is provided as reference.To present (conducted in 2005)Method using national standard (conducted in 2007)Overseas calibration lab, Norway (conducted in 2007)KeroseneLight oilKeroseneLight oilHeavy oilKeroseneLight oilHeavy oilCalibration range of national standardUncertainty of national standardDeviation from national standard value (NMIJ) (%)1,00010,000100,0001,000,000-0.100.050.100.150.20-0.050.00-0.15-0.20Re (-)Japanese calibration labsPetroleum Association of Japan: Konnichi No Sekiyu Sangyo (Today’s Petroleum Industry) (2009) (in Japanese).National Tax Agency: On Using a Flowmeter for Quantity Measurement of Petroleum Products such as Gasoline and Others, NTA Document No. 3223 (2009) (in Japanese).Japan Measuring Instruments Federation: Ryuryokei No Jitsuyo Nabi (Practical Navigation Guide for Flowmeters) (2005) (in Japanese).Japanese Industrial Standards: JIS B7552 Ekitaiyo Ryuryokei – Kisa Shiken Hoho (Liquid Flowmeters - Proving Methods), Japan Standards Association (1993) (in Japanese).T. Shimada, R. Doihara, Y. Terao and M. Takamoto: Development of hydrocarbon flow calibration facility as a national standard, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, B 71 (703), 854-861 (2005) (in Japanese).T. Shimada, R. Doihara, K. Takeda, Y. Terao and M. Takamoto: Uncertainty analysis of hydrocarbon flow calibration facility: 1st Report, uncertainty analysis of flow [1][2][3][4][5][6]References

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