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Research paper : The advanced geological researches and fundamental national land information (M. Saito)−18−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.3 No.1 (2010) boundaries of their individual survey areas to ensure that the data at these boundaries was seamless.3) An important aspect of a geological map is that the geological evolution of the rocks of the area being studied (the history of deposition and subsequent deformation of the rocks) is consistent with the present-day distribution and relationships of the rocks in the survey area. The original state of each of the rock unit identified in the survey can be determined (theoretically) by sequentially removing progressively older rock units and the effects of the deformations they have undergone. The principle of uniformitarianism states that the present-day geological processes are the same as those of the past. That is, “the present is the key to the past”. Thus, the structure and relationships of the rock units as they are today must not contradict the relationships of those rock units at their time of formation. The final Tomochi geological map produced from our research was the result of many discussions among four researchers, each of whom had different areas of expertise. In comparison, a geological map created by a single university researcher often reflects the specialized interests and expertise of that researcher. Without the opportunity for discussion among researchers in other fields, it is difficult to create a highly accurate geological map.In addition to the three points discussed above, the GSJ (the main publisher of geological maps in Japan) must ensure the accuracy of the GMJ, and its reproducibility. That is, the geological maps produced by GSJ in a particular area must not contradict maps of the area produced by others. To ensure the accuracy of their geological maps, GSJ uses an internal multistep peer-review system. GSJ mapping is also subject ABC1 kmFig. 5 From traverse map to geological map. Example of southwest area of the GMJ Tomochi 1:50,000 sheet[12].A: Traverse mapB: Working version of the map with fossil data, formation boundaries, and faults annotated on the traverse map. Microfossil localities are shown as colored circles.C: Part of the final GMJ Tomochi 1:50,000 sheet[12].Base map for A and B is the Topographical Map Kakizako 1:25,000 sheet, published by the Geographical Survey Institute of Japan.

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