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Research paper : Study on the PAN carbon-fiber-innovation for modeling a successful R&D management (O. Nakamura et al.)−159−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.2 No.2 (2009) concentrated on lower-cost material as alternative to PAN products and studied cost-reduction manufacturing process, and were not publicized overtly and became “underground” activity. That is, they aimed to obtain actual results through daily but unofficial “conversations” with Dr. Shindo’s research group.Although no product that surpassed the performance of PAN was discovered, GIRIO was able to systematize the effective materials with awareness that the sample and information that the corporate researchers brought to them were to be kept “secret.” With the companies’ intentions to obtain technological hints and the fine-tuned information compilation of GIRIO, the material development in this area progressed and the international competitiveness increased. The interest of industry (“awareness” and “utilization”) and the daily research activities at GIRIO were later proven to be essential for the innovation in a form that did not receive the spotlight.3 Analysis of the innovation model3.1 Individual interest and motivation of organizational research (Fig. 4)(1) Individual interestIn working on carbon fiber, Dr. Shindo started by imagining the social effect of his research and thought, “Perhaps this and that could be accomplished.” If one has a specific goal, the goal itself will provide prospect and guidance even when the researcher hits a wall. Also, by changing the goal or by raising or lowering the goal value, an unexpected hint for solving the problem may appear.The autonomous action driven by personal interest increases the possibility of serendipity. Such serendipity means ability or gift to find something valuable although it may be different from the item one was looking for initially, and is not the “phenomenon” of finding something. As it is an “ability,” it can be polished. It is possible to polish such ability by interest and observation, filing (recording), increasing the range of behavior, and by association. It is important to maintain a degree of freedom so personal interest can be nurtured. However, it should not be wild freedom, and it is necessary to instill the mindset of desiring what is wanted by society.(2) Motivation of organizational researchGIRIO’s policy was management that strongly pushed the industrial use of research results[11]. The ways in which the results were presented to society (patent, papers, reporting sessions, and others) were always planned according to the progress of the research and contact with industry. To propel the results, the scale of the research funding was controlled carefully according to growth. When basic research shifted to Ordinary ResearchTerm and many companies participated and the demand for technological development from industry increased, it was shifted to Special ResearchTerm where large-scale research funding was granted. The motivation of organizational research starts by capturing the trend of industry. It is necessary to give out a message that if a good result is produced and can be sent out to society, the research driven by the researcher’s interest can be supported powerfully.3.2 Research managementWhen the research management is investigated carefully, some characteristics can be listed.Fig. 4 Personal interest and direction of research theme.Scale of research increases(Special Research)Dream to create “one-dimensional carbon material”Move in material standardizationparallel to material developmentDr. Shindo appointedas lab manager(1971)Frequent daily exchange with corporate researchers〇 2.Set by researcher1.Instructed by supervisorIncreased consciousness of patent(Director-General Sengoku 1959)Stable economic growth periodRapid economic growth periodPostwar recovery period (shortageof resource) Toray (1970)Licensing Kurashiki Rayon (1966)Technical assistance Matsushita Electric (1960) Nippon Carbon (1960)Technical assistanceApplies for patent (Sept. 1959)To Special ResearchCompositingAwareness of property ofcarbon fiberTo OrdinaryResearchObtains fibrous carbonStarts experimentimmediatelyArticle on carbon fiber (May 1959)Carbon fiber(Special Research)Carbon fiber(Ordinary Research)Basic carbonresearchSet research themeJapaneseeconomyResearchtheme bybudgetDr. Shindo’sinterestResearchmanagement1980 1975 1970 1965 1960 1955 Graphite for nuclearreactor (1956~57)Manufacture ofcarbonized boron(1958~59)Manufacture methodof graphite (1955)Collapse of carbon(~1959)Graphite fiber(1959~61)Inorganic polymer(1963~64)Polymer carbon(1962~68)Carbon graphite(1968)Carbon,graphite(1966)New carbonmaterials(1965)Carbon, graphite(1973~77)Space material(1967)High-performancecomposite material(1968~72)Marine compositematerial (1973~77)Assessmentmethod (1975~78)

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