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Research paper : High accuracy three-dimensional shape measurements for supporting manufacturing industries (S. Osawa et al.)−105−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.2 No.2 (2009) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]machine), Sansoken Keiryo Hyojun Monogurafu (AIST Measurement Standard Monograph), 8 (2005) (in Japanese).S. Osawa, T. Takatsuji, H. Noguchi and T. Kurosawa: Development of a ball step-gauge and an interferometric stepper used for ball-plate calibration, Precision Engineering, 26(2), 214-221 (2002).CIPM CCL Key Comparison: K5 Final Report.National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Bunsho bango JCT20102 gijutsu teki yokyu jiko tekiyo shishin (ichijigen sumpo sokuteiki/burokku geji, kakushu nagasa sokuteiyo koseiki de sokuteimen ga heimen dearu mono (koha kansho sokuteiho ni yoru)) (Document No. JCT20102 Guidelines for Technological Requirements (one-dimensional measuring instrument, gaugeblock, calibration instruments for length measurement (by interferometric measurement method)))(in Japanese).National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Bunsho bango JCT20113 gijutsu teki yokyu jiko tekiyo shishin (zahyo sokuteiki) (Document No. JCT20113 Guidelines for Technological Requirements (coordinate measuring machine)) (in Japanese).ISO 10360-2:2001 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM) - Part 2: CMMs used for measuring size.K. Takamasu: Virtual coordinate measuring machine, Keisoku To Seigyo (Journal of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers), 40(11), 801-804 (2001) (in Japanese).S. Osawa, T. Takatsuji, T. Kurosawa, R. Furuyani and M. Shibata: Traceability system of coordinate measuring machines through Internet, Seimitsu Kogaku Kaishi (Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering), 70(4), 528-532 (2004) (in Japanese).E.B. Hughes, A. Wilson and G. Peggs: Design of a high-accuracy CMM based on multi-lateration techniques, Annals of the CIRP, 49(1), 391-394 (2000).H. Schwenke, M. Franke and J. Hannaford: Error mapping of CMMs and machine tools by a single tracking interferometer, Annals of the CIRP, 54(1), 475-478 (2005).T. Takatsuji, Y. Koseki, M. Goto and T. Kurosawa: Restriction for the arrangement of laser tracker in laser trilateration, Measurement Science and Technology, 9(8), 1357-1359 (1998).Kubifuri undo hikari teko niyoru kosen tsuibi shiki reza kansho sokuchoki tokkyo 3427182 (Tracking laser interferometric distance meter using swinging optical lever, Patent No. 3427182) (in Japanese).J. Hong, S. Osawa, T. Takatsuji, H. Noguchi and T. Kurosawa: A high-precision laser tracker using an articulating mirror for the calibration of coordinates measuring machine, Optical Engineering, 41(3), 632- 637 (2002).K. Umetsu, R. Furutnani, S. Osawa, T. Takatsuji and T. Kurosawa: Geometric calibration of a coordinate measuring machine using a laser tracking system, Measurement Science and Technology, 16, 2466-2472 (2005).T. Yano, T. Takatsuji, S. Osawa, K. Suzuki, Y. Honmura and T. Sakabe: Development of a small two axis spherical motor type laser tracker with submicron measurement accuracy, Denki Gakkai Ronbunshi E (Sensa/Maikuro mashin bumonshi) (IEEJ Trans. SM), 126(4), 144-149 (2006) (in Japanese).S. Osawa, K. Busch, M. Franke and H. Schwenke: Multiple orientation technique for the calibration of cylindrical workpieces on CMMs, Precision Engineering, 29(1), 56-64 (2005).S. Sartori and G.X. Zhang: Geometric error measurement and compensation of machines, Annals of the CIRP, 44(2), 599-609 (1995).J.A. Soons, F.C. Theuws and P.H. Schellekens: Modeling the errors of multi-axis machines: A general methodology, Precision Engineering, 14(1), 5-19 (1992).P.S. Lingard, M.E. Purss, C.M. Sona and E.G. Thwaite: Length-bar and step-gauge calibration using a laser measurement system with a coordinate measuring machine, Annals of the CIRP, 40(1) (1991).S. Osawa, T. Takatsuji and T. Kurosawa: Development ofan interferometric coordinate measuring machine used for step-gauge calibration, Seimitsu Kogaku Kaishi (Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering), 68 (5), 687-691 (2002) (in Japanese).S. Osawa, T. Takatsuji, T. Kurosawa and K. Umetsu: Zahyo sokuteikiyo nijigen kika geji kosei ni kansuru gijutsu joho (Technological information on calibration of two-dimensional geometric gauge for coordinate measuring [1][2][3][4][5]Referenceson the conditions and methods of measurement. Great difference may occur in measurement reliability depending on whether the operator understands this point or not. For example, some operators may not know that the sizes written on the plan of an industrial product are sizes at 20 ºC. To improve the reliability of the product, we believe it is very important to educate the people who are using the assessment tool. We think the training system for improving the skill of the measurement operator is the final requirement for constructing the traceability system at the site of production, and as one step for improving the skills, we plan to create an accreditation system for three-dimensional measurement engineers in the near future.7 ConclusionJapan, after the World War , has developed its manufacturing industry in a wide range of fields including automobiles and electronics. CMM is a measuring machine that developed with the increased performance of computers, and plays a major role at the site of advanced manufacturing. Particularly, it is an essential device in the integrated process from digitized design, manufacturing, and assessment. In this paper, we discussed the technological developments related to CMM in manufacturing.With the goal for strengthening competitiveness of manufacturing, we created a scenario from the establishment of national standards to the diffusion to the site of production, and executed them starting with important items. To this day, the course for three-dimensional measurement using conventional CMMs has been almost entirely organized, except for the accreditation system of operators, but many issues remain to be solved, such as responses to new three-dimensional measuring instruments and technologies, as well as the creation of a training system. We plan to create a scenario for new devices and technology, to contribute further to the manufacturing industry.

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