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Research paper : High accuracy three-dimensional shape measurements for supporting manufacturing industries (S. Osawa et al.)−97−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.2 No.2 (2009) gaugeblock or ball plate, which is calibrated with a laser distance meter using stabilized He-Ne laser; and this laser distance meter is calibrated with the iodine stabilized He-Ne laser that is the national standard of length. Hence, the standards are linked seamlessly to the higher-level standards.For practical operation of such traceability system at the sites of production, the following four items must be newly developed: (1) a calibration system of the standard, (2) an accreditation system for private calibration services, (3) standardization of CMM assessment method using standards, and (4) a training system to improve the skills of measurement personnel. To establish the traceability system for three-dimensional measurement, Full Research was conducted with the objective of developing these four subsystems. The researches conducted by AIST to develop these subsystems included the following three research topics:1. Development of standards to calibrate and assess the CMM (construction of metrology standard)2. Technological development for constructing the traceability system for three-dimensional measurement (construction of a calibration service accreditation system and standardization of calibration methods)3. Development of high-precision three-dimensional shape measurement technology (advancement of metrological technology)All three are developments that improve the reliability of three-dimensional shape measurement required in manufacturing, and are basic technologies to maintain reliability of measurements at the site of production. In chapters 3 to 5, specifics of the above technological developments will be described. Chapter 6 will be a description of the activities currently conducted at AIST for three-dimensional shape measurement technology, activities to diffuse the metrological standards to sites of production, and future developments.3 Standard for assessing CMM3.1 Error in three-dimensional measurementAlthough CMM is a convenient and useful measuring device, there are the following issues concerning its reliability:1. Measurement error is likely to occur because the probe that detects the position of the workpiece does not match National standardNational standardEngineer trainingDevelopment of remote calibration technologyConstruction of calibration service accreditation systemTechnological supportTrainingQuality guaranteeDevelopment of high-precision productTrainingService to local companiesCalibration serviceDevelopment of next-generation standardStandard labs of developing countriesInternational comparisonInternational mutual recognitionConfirmation of equivalency of calibration valuesStandard institutes of other countriesConsortium activityStandardizationSite of productionAISTDevelopment of standardsDevelopment of calibration methodIncreased international competitiveness of Japanese manufacturing industryTechnological supportCalibration service providerRegional public research institutesFig. 3 Scenario for improving reliability of three-dimensional shape measurement.

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