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Research paper : How Grid enables E-Science? (Y. Tanaka)−37−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.2 No.1 (2009) chapter, the basic design policy and the usage model were decided before the selection and implementation of specific basic technology. In this chapter, I will explain the design policy and the usage model of the GEO Grid information infrastructure.3.1 Design policyIn order to share and integrate diverse data and computations as mentioned in Requirement (2), and as described in Requirements (3), (4), and (5), and to provide the results to the research community, the concept of a virtual organization (VO)[5], where the provided data and computations are abstracted as a “service” provided through standard protocols and interfaces, and the usage environment is built by actively combining such services, will be introduced in the design of GEO Grid information infrastructure. A VO is a research environment composed of ideal information infrastructures achieved by combining the services needed by the research community from among the diverse data service and computation services available.3.2 Usage modelAs shown in Fig. 1, there are four roles in the GEO Grid information infrastructure, including service provider, VO administrator, end user, and GEO Grid administrator. The service provider is the owner of data and computation, and provides them as a service to the end user. The VO administrator can be considered the administrator of a community and a project, and engages in construction of the VO, management of users that participate in the VO, and construction of a user portal. The GEO Grid administrator manages the registry where the available services are registered, and manages access control for that registry. The end user basically participates in one or more VOs, and conducts research and surveys by using the services offered.The service provider registers the information on the services provided in the registry managed by the GEO Grid administrator. The VO administrator searches for the data and computation resources available in the registry, and if there is a service that he/she wishes to use, the administrator negotiates individually with the provider. When the service provider authorizes the provision of service to the VO, the service provider changes the appropriate system setting to allow access to the VO. As mentioned earlier, access control can be set by each VO, each user, or by free access, based on the policy of the service provider.4 Selection and implementation of the basic technologyBased on the design policy described in the previous chapter, the GEO Grid information infrastructure was implemented using grid technology. Considering the fact that the service must be linked among several organizations, implementation of security in accordance to a standard is mandatory. Also, it is important to effectively utilize the existing tools and software to reduce the cost of implementation and to increase interoperability of the systems. In this chapter, I will explain the selection of the basic technologies and their combination for the implementation of the GEO Grid information infrastructure.VIRTUALORGANIZATIONWeb PortalWeb PortalWeb PortalWeb PortalData, computation service providerEnd userPortal & VO administratorGEO Grid administratorGeological map data serviceData analysisserviceBEAMS serviceMODIS data serviceSimulation serviceASTER data serviceGeological VODisaster prevention VOEnvironment VO-Service search-Service registration-VO registrationRegistryFig. 1 Usage model of the GEO Grid infrastructure

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