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Research paper : Expansion of organic reference materials for the analysis of hazardous substances in food and the environment (T. Ihara et al.)−21−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.2 No.1 (2009) References[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]ISO Guide 35: Reference materials - General and statistical principles for certification, p.2, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (2006).Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry (ed.): Bunri Bunseki Kagaku Jiten (Encyclopedia of Separation Analysis for Analytical Chemistry), Asakura Shoten, Tokyo, Japan, 350 (2001) (in Japanese). G. Maniara, K. Rajamoorthi, S. Rajan and G. W. Stockton: Method performance and validation for quantitative analysis by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Applications to analytical standards and agricultural chemicals, Anal. Chem., 70, 4921-4928 (1998).T. Saito, T. Ihara, H. Sato, H. Jancke and S. Kinugasa: International comparison on the determination of an ethanol aqueous solution by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, Japan Analyst, 52, 1029-1036 (2003) (in Japanese).T. Saito, S. Nakaie, M. Kinoshita, T. Ihara, S. Kinugasa, A. Nomura and T. Maeda: Practical guide for accurate quantitative NMR analysis, Metrologia, 41, 213-218 (2004).T. Saito, T. Ihara, M. Koike, S. Kinugasa, Y. Fujimine, K. Nose and T. Hirai: A new traceability scheme for the development of international system-traceable persistent organic pollutant reference materials by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance, Accred. Qual. Assur., 14(2), 79-86 (2009).N. Sugimoto, T. Suematsu, H. Uchiumi, T. Saito, T. Ihara, Y. Kojima, S. Ito, K. Sato, T.Yamazaki and K. Tanamoto: Absolute quantification of carminic acid, natural food color, using quantitative NMR, The 55th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy, Nagasaki, Japan, 298 (2008) (in Japanese).the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), this term is amended to “metrological traceability” to distinguish from the term used to manage the shipping histories of foods and other goods.National metrology institute: A research institute that sets a country’s official measurement standards. In Japan, it is the National Metrology Institute of Japan within the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.Primary method of measurement: The method used to define national RMs. It is defined as follows: “primary method of measurement is a method having the highest metrological qualities, whose operation can be completely described and understood, for which a complete uncertainty statement can be expressed in terms of SI units.” Coulometry: The method of measuring the amount-of-substance of an analyte from measurements of current and time when electrolysis is applied to a specific substance based on Faraday’s Law. It is used in the analyses of inorganic ions of metallic elements as well as of trace amounts of moisture.Gravimetry: An analytical technique in which the quantity of an analyte in a sample is found by separating the analyte from the rest of sample using a reagent that reacts specifically to that component. The resulting mass is used to determine the quantity of the analyte. Generally, mass is found by precipitating the selected component out of the solution, but it can also be found by separating the selected component from the sample as gas, adsorbing the component using an adsorbent, and then calculating the mass from the amount adsorbed.Freezing point depression method: An analytical technique that finds the amount-of-substance fraction of impurities in a sample as a proportion of its amount-of-substance by measuring the temperature and enthalpy of impurities in a sample, as its freezing point decreases. It is generally used to determine the purity of high-purity organic compounds.Titrimetry: This is volumetric measurement in a limited sense. A solution that includes an RM that reacts with the sample is dropped into a sample solution, and the quantity of RM consumed before the equilibrium is reached is measured to find the quantity of the analyte in the solution. Depending on the chemical reaction used, the method includes neutralization (acid-base) titration, oxidation-reduction titration, complex formation titration, or precipitation titration. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry: A method of finding the quantity of an analyte in a sample using substance labeled with a stable isotope. The labeled substance is added to the sample, and the signal ratio of the mass spectrums of the analyte and the Term 5.Term 6.Term 7.Term 8.Term 9.Term 10.Term 11.labeled substance are obtained. Because the chemical properties of the analyte and the labeled substance are roughly identical, the effect of the process of sample preparations with significant impurities can be cancelled (the signal ratio of the analyte and its labeled substance is maintained). In this technique, the concentration of the labeled substance for the RM must be known in advance.Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière: CCQM): One of the consultative committees formed under the aegis of the International Committee of Weights and Measures (Bureau International des Poids et Mésures: BIPM)) that consists of the Meter Convention member institutions. Established in 1993, this consultative committee discusses issues on metrology in chemistry.International comparison (CCQM inter-comparison): Comparison among calibration laboratories to confirm the degree of equivalence in the calibration and measurement capabilities and values assigned to RMs between various national metrology institutes. Normally, this process begins with an international comparison for research purposes, called a pilot study. After the technical groundwork has been established to a certain degree, an official international comparison, called a key comparison, is performed.Term 12.Term 13.

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