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Research paper : Expansion of organic reference materials for the analysis of hazardous substances in food and the environment (T. Ihara et al.)−20−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.2 No.1 (2009) around the world. More work must be done before one-to-many traceability can be firmly established.At the same time, it is necessary to build the infrastructure that allows the industrial community to perform calibration of the wide range of working RMs that are in demand by the society. For this purpose, national RMs that are easy to use with quantitative NMR must be supplied along with sample applications. Automation tools are also necessary, covering all processes from measurement parameter sets using quantitative NMR to data analysis.7 Future directionsQuantitative NMR has great potential marketability, as the necessary analytical equipment are commercialized (Fig. 6: Future issues). As reasonably priced, easy-to-use equipment, which are optimized for quantitative NMR, become available, and applications for nuclei other than 1H are developed, they will find use not only in calibration technologies for working RMs, but also in quantitative analysis of several organic compounds occurring in numerous fields conducted at a wide variety of proving, testing, and research laboratories. Many de facto commercial calibration standards are in use today, even though evaluation of their purity or concentration remains inadequate. For example, for active substances in natural sources, such as bioactive constituents and herbal medicines, quantitative analysis often depends on the samples of isolated constituents or the commercially available reagents. Quantitative NMR can offer highly reliable and effective quantitative analysis in such cases (see Fig. 9)[7], where the discovery of appropriate standard would normally be difficult.Perhaps most exciting of all, an efficient traceability system based on this calibration technology for organic compounds may provide an effective scheme for responding flexibly to today’s proliferating demand for RMs. Although core technologies other than quantitative NMR have not yet been demonstrated, universal calibration technologies that can be used similarly in the construction of a rational traceability system may be developed. The Authors hope that this paper will serve as a starting point for the development of such universal calibration technology.AcknowledgmentsThe Authors would like to acknowledge the valuable sources we consulted to bring the research results to fruition. The analytical results in chlorinated organic compounds are from “Research and development for the preparation of reference materials in organohalogen pollutants.” We wish to extend our thanks to the joint authors of this paper: Mr. Yoshinori Fujimine, Mr. Tetsuya Hirai, and Mr. Kazuaki Nose (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); and Dr. Masayoshi Koike of Positive List System: Established in 2006 based on a revision of Japan’s Food Sanitation Law, this system prohibits the sales of foods that contain agricultural chemical residues above a certain quantity. In cases where the safe (not harmful to human) quantity has been specified (called the residue level), the agricultural chemical must be below that quantity. In case where the safe quantity has not been specified, a uniform limit of 0.01 ppm is applied.Official Method of Analysis: A set of analytical procedures officially published and recognized in accordance with laws governing chemical compounds, to enable comparison of analytical results among different testing laboratories and samples. An official method of analysis must be robust and universally applicable. Examples used in Japan are Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS), and Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP).Certified reference material (CRM): In ISO Guide 35, which provides the international guidelines for RMs, this is defined as “reference material, characterized by a metrologically valid procedure for one or more specified properties, accompanied by a certificate that provides the value of the specified property, its associated uncertainty, and a statement of metrological traceability.”Traceability: The characteristic of a measurement result, where the result can be linked to a known reference standard (usually a national standard) through an unbroken chain. In the 3rd version of AIST. The analytical results for agricultural compounds were derived from “Research on the supply of RMs related to residual agricultural compounds in foodstuffs,” a paper commissioned by Wako Pure Chemicals Industries, Ltd. Our heartfelt thanks go out to Ms. Yuko Yamada and Mr. Shinji Nakao (Wako Pure Chemicals Industries, Ltd.), who provided samples and cooperated on evaluation. We wish to thank Dr. Tetsuji Nishimura, Dr. Kenichi Tanamoto, Dr. Takeshi Yamazaki, and Dr. Atsuko Tada (National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan); Dr. Takako Suematsu (JEOL Ltd.); Mr. Kazunori Arifuku (JEOL Datum Ltd.); Mr. Hitoshi Uemori, Mr. Keiji Ohno, and Dr. Yuichi Yoshida (Wako Pure Chemicals Industries, Ltd.); and Dr. Koichi Chiba and Dr. Tsuneaki Maeda (AIST), for two collaborative papers, “Establishing measurement methods for the standardization of qNMR” and “Providing the infrastructure to promote the widespread use of qNMR,” which provided the content for the proposals in chapters 6 and 7 of this paper.Finally, Dr. Shinichi Kinugasa (AIST) provided valuable assistance in writing this paper, for which we thank him sincerely.TerminologyTerm 1. Term 2.Term 3.Term 4.

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