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Research paper : Development of flexible-printable device processing technology (T. Kamata et al.)−186 Synthesiology - English edition Vol.1 No.3 (2009) (32)−and producer both exist, marketing as industrial technology is done relatively quickly. However, Phase IV is technology for users. Since manufacturer may not see business opportunities, it is less likely to be taken up by producer and technology provider, and therefore it is not likely to be pursued as industrial technology. Therefore, the technology corresponding to Phase IV lags behind compared to Phase I in terms of indicator of degree of success in industry, rather than indicator of technical ease/difficulty. It can be said that technology develops in branches in order of Phases I → II → III→IV. In this paper, one of the main arguments is to raise issue on how to develop technology that is difficult to market from the technology oriented strategy, yet in demand by many people (users).3 Role of AISTComment (Naoto Kobayashi)The development scenario of Table 1 and player map of technological development of Table 2 are extremely useful and unique attempt to describe this field. If the technology aims to become “prosumer technology” in the future, a place (time and space) for the developer, the technological user, and the end user to closely exchange opinions will be important. Do you have any good ideas for such exchanges?Answer (Toshihide Kamata)Prosumer technology, in other words, is a concept of “self sufficiency,” and ultimate venture when seen from another angle. Therefore, I think we must do away with the concept of role sharing, because I feel that if people are asked to exchange opinion based on their assigned role, things are less likely to be realized. For actual realization, I think it is important to raise consciousness: “I will be the implementer of prosumer technology.” To accomplish this, it is necessary (1) to set up place for providing technological information, (2) to present model for taking leadership in methodology, and (3) to provide tool for actual implementation. Among these, I think, (1) and (3) should be positioned as public service from perspective of risk sharing. For (2), it is like showing a new technological lifestyle such as a second job. Public institution like AIST should suggest and show example of style of industrial technological society for both cases.Question (Hiroshi Tateishi)Looking at Tables 1 and 2 from the viewpoint of Discussion 1, I understand that the concepts are organized well, but there is no description of the positioning of AIST (Kamata Group). Is it possible to specifically describe the AIST strategy in these tables?Answer (Toshihide Kamata)Since this is a published paper, I avoided being too self-assertive, and I consciously refrained from the “we are” tone. Yet in fact, the analytical statement of this paper strongly states the position of AIST and our aim (leadership in technological concept, risk sharing, etc.). As you indicate, I consciously added the subject “we” in the revision.4 Basic concept about technological developmentQuestion (Naoto Kobayashi)To consider material, process, and element as a set of technologies is extremely important. I also think the concepts of continuous development and planar development, where the integration with heterogeneous technologies that must be used for supplementation, are also important. I think these are common to the development of industrial technology in general. Are there any other characteristic issues unique to R&D for “flexible-printable device manufacture technology”?Answer (Toshihide Kamata)In technology in which many of the specs are determined by the end user, such as in information terminal device technology that “flexible-printable device manufacture technology” is involved, technology tends to be used for small-volume multiple-products, and the technological development takes nonlinear model without uniform indicator. In this case, if just one of the technological concepts does not fit with manufacturer’s business concept,it does happen that consistency in material, element, and module cannot be maintained. As a result, in many cases, the technological concept fails to bloom as industry. There appears “a gap of technology” in a series of elemental technologies, and technological blossoming fails due to this limitation. Moreover, this “gap of technology” occurs not because of technological difficulty but due to business concerns, and no player is likely to show up no matter how long one waits. The concept of “planar development” described in the paper does not express the necessity for gasping the overall picture to check our position, rather it tries to express the necessity for grasping the overall picture to prevent “gap of technology” as well as the fact that there are issues that must be tackled by players who share the risk in areas of “gap of technology.” Also, I emphasized “continuous development” because I wanted to solve the problem that “technological development seem to be for single target application and one cannot see the depth of technology,” which is common issue for technology for small-volume multiple-product application. By providing specific case where technology that may seem like single technology application can be developed sideways, we wanted to show the depth of technology, and that it is necessary to lower the entry barrier as player of technological development.Question (Naoto Kobayashi)I understood that the synthetic method as Type 2 Basic Research for this work is described in details in 4.4 “Presenting effectiveness and innovativeness of technology as product.” Particularly, you explain that “multiple-source oxidation method” and “triaxial distributed pressure annealing method” are “supporting role technologies” that fill the “gap of technology,” but the whole technology will not be complete without them, so I think they are extremely essential. As a synthetic method, it is understood as ‘built-in type’, i.e., putting in the last piece to complete the whole puzzle. If this is the case, you may need an expression that emphasizes such role (rather than supporting role). What do you think about this, including my interpretation?Answer (Toshihide Kamata)I realize that “supporting role technology” is somewhat negative expression and not appropriate. As you indicated, it is technology absolutely necessary for total design. I changed the expression to “gap-supplementing technology” → “gap-filling technology” and “supporting role technology” → “last piece technology”.5 Strategy to assess individual elemental technologyQuestion (Naoto Kobayashi)You have indicated that, “a device may not be created even with extremely superior technology, but even if some parts are inferior in performance, it may become effective technology if there is a good total performance.” This seems very important. If this is called an ‘optimally consistent device’, it depends on technological development strategy that how many individual elemental technologies composing the device are allowed, and that how much higher performance is sought in some of the composing technologies. Do you have any idea on how to assess them (or to determine what the optimum is)?Answer (Toshihide Kamata)Considering the fact that technology is accepted as it has advances against the existing ones , I think “optimall consistency” must be understood as function of time. Technology will be accepted if people can see clear differentiation against current status. However, it will not be accepted if the step of advancement is too big. Therefore, I think the first point in assessing technology is to recognize that “optimal consistency” must always walk in time, and to make sure that the differentiation can be clearly discernable in the footstep. How assessing is done means being able to recognize the differentiating point. I think it is important for the developers to go out in the society and brush up the feeling when they become a regular member of the society. I want to repeat the point again that in our technological field, technological specification is determined overwhelmingly by end user rather than manufacturer, and the important point is how to be socially oriented rather than technologically oriented.

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