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Research paper : Introduction to service engineering (H. Yoshikawa)−111 Synthesiology - English edition Vol.1 No.2 (2008) to realize the sustainable service industry.Developing the theory of the service amplification and increasing the productivity of all industries including service and manufacturing industries, or “global productivity,” are necessary conditions for building a sustainable world.(7) Issue as an engineering theoryThe objective of this paper is to create a knowledge system that maintains consistency within the system, that is compatible with other disciplines, and that provides a useful method to improve the real service. This can be called the “service engineering theory.” The achievement of this objective depends on the future study, and some of the issues extracted in this paper will be summarized here.(A) Definition of serviceIn this paper, it is assumed that a service is an expression of latent function (discussion of time as a function being differentiable is one example, and needless to say, it is necessary to discuss more generally without limitation). Although this is a basic definition, the service issue is replaced by the issue of the function as mentioned in the text, and it contributes to discussion of the function by identifying which properties must be clarified as a function in order to discuss the service. The function is a broader issue, and it is assumed that the function will be expressed in the form of mass and free energy (information), but there is a higher possibility of reaching the root of the issue if it is viewed as a service issue. Here, there is a major issue of accepting the “law of conservation” for the function, and this is a serious viewpoint for the service economy. It is necessary to continuously update the definition of the service while referring to the definition of the function.(B) Uncertainty of serviceIn this paper, we purposefully called the provider a donor and the receiver a receptor. The provider is a donor because this provider does not consider the effect on him/herself and provides without seeing whether the service will be received by another. The receiver is a receptor because this receiver selectively receives what he/she wants. This can be called a social model of service, and the terms were chosen to reflect the actual service phenomenon. As a related basic model, the paper presents the following model of service reception. In this case, the service flows from the donor to the receptor, but the inflowing service does not generate a direct effect, but the receptor’s latent function manifests to cause an effect on self. In addition to the aforementioned social aspect, this model incorporates compatibility with the life maintenance of organisms, guarantee of receptor’s independence, and an explanation of real service phenomenon. These results imply that the service in society cannot be solved determinately, but must be reviewed from the viewpoint of the evolution theory.(C) Factors that influence serviceIn order to approximate theory to reality, the necessary condition is to extract the influencing factors as faithfully as possible. This has not been done sufficiently in this paper, and must be relegated to the future research. In extraction, it is necessary to select factors that are mutually independent. Although statistical tests on data are useful, it is important to derive effective model (by abduction). This is a major work for future researchers.(D) QuantificationIn this paper, various properties of service are often handled quantitatively. However, as mentioned herein, in the service issue in which the major factors are function, human decision, and action based on the decision, discussion of quantification must be carried on carefully. Simplistic quantification or building theory based only on questionnaire and market survey must be avoided, although it may be sometimes useful to obtain figures using survey based on non-specialist models. One of the main roles of the service theory is to draw an insight from elements that are currently unobserved and to encourage observation of new elements. Quantification or measurement is necessary for refinement of the theory. However, it must be undertaken alongside the refinement of the model.Note Mechatronics: Japanese English word coined by Tetsuro Mori (Yasukawa Electric Corp.) in 1969.References[1][2] [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]H. Yoshikawa: Introduction to general design, Seimitsu Kikai, 45(8), 20-26 (1979) (in Japanese).H. Yoshikawa: Sentan gijutsu to ningen (Advanced technology and human), Sekai, 19-34, Iwanami Shoten (1988) (republished in Technoglobe, Kogyo Chosakai, 20-49 (1993)) (in Japanese).H. Yoshikawa: Tekunoroji no yukue (Course of Technology), 63-173, Iwanami Shoten (1996) (in Japanese).R. K. Merton: Social Theory and Social Structure, Simon and Shuster (1947) [G. Shinto trans.: Shakai riron to shakai kozo, 16-17, Misuzu Shobo (1961)(in Japanese)].H. Yoshikawa: Jinko bukkan (View on artifacts), Oukan, 1(2), 59-65 (2007) (in Japanese).R. Costanza et al.: The value of the world’s eco-system services and natural capital, Nature, 387/15, 263 (May 1997).G. C. Daily and K. Ellison: The New Economy of Nature, Island Press (2002).H. Yoshikawa:Ippan sekkei gaku josetsu (Introduction to General Design Part 2) (2008) (in preparation; in Japanese).Y. Shimomura et al.: Proposal of service engineering, Collection of Papers of The Japan Society for Mechanical Engineers (Version C), 71(702), 669-676(2005) (in Japanese).T. Kanade and M. Mochimaru: Digital human technology for medical care, Journal of Information Processing Society of Japan, 46(12)(2005) (in Japanese).K. Kurakata and K. Sagawa: Development and standardization of accessible-design technologies that address the needs of senior citizens, Synthesiology english edition, 1(1), 15-(39)−

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