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−66−Synthesiology - English edition Vol.1 No.1 (2008) Article:Science and society, or research institution and journal: A historical retrospection (M. Akamatsu, et al.)As it can be seen in the product realization cases, they are romanticized as success stories, and the processes of integration and composition as evidence are often lost. It is the battle against idola of which Bacon warned. However, in the modern world where principles of how to utilize scientific knowledge in society has not yet been discovered, what can be done is to accumulate knowledge of “what ought to be done”. This method must be sought without falling into segmentation that was the method for accumulating evidential knowledge in conventional natural science.8 ConclusionIn the new publication of an academic journal to fill the gap between science and technology and society, we discussed the significance of academic journals by looking through the history of science. Many people may question why a public research institution publishes an academic journal rather than an academic organization, but we hope that people now understand that there is no mystery in a research institution, which can produce results as well, publishing an academic journal to accumulate research results, considering the history that academies and research institutions share the same origin. Moreever, contribution of science and technology to society is the philosophy of Bacon who advanced modern science, marking the starting point of science, and academic journals were started for this purpose. However, if there are reasons for the inability to fill the gap called “valley of death” or “period of nightmare” between science and society in the conventional activities of science including elemental reductionism, we must build new methodology for science and technology to bridge the gap. Rather than depending on approaches from the society side of looking for technological potential, it is the responsibility of the community of science to establish methodology and make approaches from our side. The attempt to publish this journal is an attempt to return to our origin.[1][2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13][14] S. Ito and Y. Murakami, eds: Seio kagakushi no iso (Phases in History of Western Science), Baifukan, Tokyo (1989) (in Japanese).M. Abrahams: IG NOBEL PRIZES: Annals of Improbable Research, The Orion Publishing Group Ltd (2002) [S. Fukushima, trans.: Ig Novel-sho, Hankyu Communications, Tokyo (2004) (in Japanese)].D.S.L. Cardwell: The Organization of Science in England, Open University Press (1972) [S. Miyashita and T. Wada, translation supervisors: Kagaku no shakaishi: England niokeru kagaku no soshikika, Showado, Kyoto (1989) (in Japanese)].H. Kearney: Science and Change 1500-1700, George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd (1983) [S. Nakayama and Y. Takayanagi, trans.: Kagaku kakumei no jidai: Copernicus kara Newton e, Heibonsha, Tokyo (1983) (in Japanese)].T. Kaneko: Oldenburg: 17 Seiki kagaku・joho kakumei no enshutsusha (Oldenburg: Producer of Scientific and Information Revolution in the 17th Century), Chu’okoronsha, Tokyo (2005) (in Japanese).I. B. Cohen: Revolution in Science, Harvard Univ. Press (1985).L. Jardine: Ingenious Pursuits; Building the Scientific Revolution, Anchor Books (1999).S. Shapin: The Scientific Revolution, The University of Chicago Press (1996) [M. Kawada trans.: Kagaku Kakumei towa nan dattanoka, Hakusuisha, Tokyo (1998) (in Japanese)].P. Berg: A Social History of Knowledge: From Gutenberg to Diderot, Polity Press (2000) [J. Shiroto and H. Iyama, trans.: Chishiki no shakaishi, Shinyosha, Tokyo (2004) (in Japanese)].P. Findlen: Possessing Nature: Museum, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy, University of California Press (1994) [H. Ito and H. Ishii, trans.: Shizen no senyu: Myujiamu, shushu, soshite shoki kindai italy no kagaku bunka, Arinashobo, Tokyo (2005) (in Japanese)].M. Bragg: On Giants’ Shoulders, Science & Society Pic Lib (1999) [C. Kumagai and M. Hasegawa, trans.: Kyojin no kata no ueni notte, Sho’eisha, Tokyo (1999) (in Japanese)].Y. Furukawa: Kagaku no shakaishi (Social History of Science), Nansosha, Tokyo (1989) (in Japanese).J.R. Jacob: The Scientific Revolution: Aspirations and Achievements, 1500-1700, Humanities Press, (1998).B. Cohen, ed.: Album of Science: From Leonardo to Lavoisier, 1450-1800, Macmillan Publishing Company (1980) [Y. Murakami, translation supervisor: Macmillan sekai kagakushi hyakka zukan 2, Harashobo, Tokyo (1993) (in Japanese)].(Received original manuscript October 3, 2007)Fig. 4 Tree of Knowledge from Diderot’s Encyclopédie[14].Edited by Denis Diderot in the 18 th Century, the Encyclopédie is a grand dictionary that covered all sorts of knowledge including art and history as well as science and technology in a systematic manner. This tree of knowledge expresses the classification of knowledge. The branches of the tree show that “science of nature” was divided into mathematics and physics, and physics was further broken down into individual disciplines such as astronomy, climatology, botany, zoology, and others.References

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