Vol.1 No.1 2008

82/85

−79−AbstractsMass preparation and technological development of antifreeze protein- Toward a practical use of biomolecules -Yoshiyuki Nishimiya, Yasuhiro Mie, Yu Hirano, Hidemasa Kondo, Ai Miura and Sakae TsudaResearch Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, AISTTsukisamu-Higashi 2-17-2-1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, JapanE-mail: Antifreeze protein has been known as an extraordinary biomolecule having the potential to both bind ice and preserve cell structure; the molecule was isolated from the blood serum of Arctic and Antarctic fishes. We have recently found that Japanese food fishes also contain an antifreeze protein, and have established a method of collecting the protein from fish muscle. The collected antifreeze protein is a mixture of many isoforms, which were found to be more active than any single isoform. Mass preparation of antifreeze protein is currently in progress to allow researchers in different fields to develop a variety of new technologies utilizing the functions of this protein.Development and standardization of accessible-design technologies that address the needs of senior citizens - A product-design methodology based on measurements of hearing characteristics and domestic sounds -Kenji Kurakata and Ken SagawaInstitute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, AIST Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8566, JapanE-mail: As a consequence of both the declining birthrate and the growing fraction of elderly people among the population in recent years, a new trend in consumer product design has emerged, the so-called accessible design, and has become increasingly important to address the needs of a wider breadth of the population including senior citizens. The authors have developed and propagated accessible-design technologies by establishing Japanese Industrial Standards (JISs) based on older adults’ auditory and visual functions. This paper describes the research process for standardization of accessible-design technologies from the viewpoint of "Full Research," using as an example a method for adjusting the sound volume of auditory signals, as established in JIS S 0014.Challenge to the low-cost production of highly functional optical elements- Fabrication of sub-wavelength periodic structures via a glass-imprinting process -Junji NishiiPhotonics Research Institute, AISTMidorigaoka 1-8-31, Ikeda 563-8577, JapanE-mail: Factors, such as production cost, which impede the practical application of “sub-wavelength optical elements” with periodic structures smaller than the wavelength of visible light, were targeted through a combination of advanced Japanese glass molding methods and a novel imprinting process. Collaboration between materials companies, consumer-electronics companies, universities, and AIST under a precise distribution of roles enabled the realization of properties such as polarization rotation and antireflection effects from glass surfaces.Strategic approach for comparing different types of health risks- Risk assessment of toluene exposure using quality-adjusted life years -Atsuo KishimotoResearch Center for Chemical Risk Management, AISTOnogawa 16-1, Tsukuba 305-8569, JapanE-mail: It is important to consider social needs when developing a methodology for the risk assessment of chemical substances. We classified the purposes of the risk assessment into the following three categories: (A) derivation of reference values, (B) screening assessment for the removal of chemical substances of low importance, and (C) setting priority based on comparisons of health risks and cost effectiveness of risk reduction measures among different chemical substances. On this basis, we show that while the existing methods of risk assessment are designed to fulfill purposes A and B, they do not satisfy purpose C. Therefore, each step of the risk Synthesiology Vo.1 No.1(2008)

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