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AIST TODAYNo.32 Spring 2009 [ PDF:4.9MB ]


A geological record of old tsunamis in southern Thailand
- An international collaboration revealed recurrent tsunami in Indian Ocean -

[ PDF:1.2MB ]
Yuki Sawai
Active Fault and Earthquake Research Center

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Predecessors of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami left their own geological records in the last millennia, though no such written records exist in the last few centuries either on the devastated coast or within its source area. Here we found probable precedent for the 2004 tsunami from stratigraphy on an island 125 km north of Phuket. The western part of the island consists of former beach ridges that rise 1 m above intervenient swales. The 2004 tsunami inundated this beach ridge plain as much as 2 km inland with sandy deposit. Earlier sand sheets underlie the 2004 tsunami deposit in the swales. In a couple of swales 0.5 km from the modern beach, three sand sheets are interbedded with black peat of 2500-2800 years old and the youngest sand sheet was deposited postdating 550-700 years ago. Because the 1881 Car Nicobar earthquake of magnitude 7.9, which provided a tsunami less than a meter in India, lacks significant sand sheet in the swales, tsunami deposits below the 2004 deposit were originated from recurrent full-sized Sumatra-Andaman earthquakes.

Figure
a: Northern Sunda Trench and vicinity. Red part shows a modeled fault slip during the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Green line shows a historical rupture in AD 1881.
b: Heights of the 2004 tsunami along western coast of Thai-Malay Peninsula.
c: Four tsunami deposits in Phra Thong Island, southern Thailand. A yellow square shows the 2004 tsunami deposit. Red circles show tsunami deposits before 2004 (Jankaew et al., 2008; © Nature).

Relational Information

AIST TODAY Vol.9, No.2 p.19 (2009)



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