The kinesin molecular motor moves unidierctinally along microtubules that serve as filamentous tracks. By fabricating micrometer-scaled troughs on glass surfaces and by adding arrowhead-shaped patterns to the troughs, we were able to realize unidirectional, one dimensional movements of microtubules. The gliding bacterium Mycoplasma mobile is another attactive material of nanoactuators. By taking advantage of these cells to move along walls of lithographic patterns, we have succeeded to make them move unidirectionally along lithographic tracks. These unidirectional movement systems should be foundation of a micro-belt coveyer system to be used in, for example, miniature chemical plants.